english conditional types | Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

UTS INGLÉS III

2023-

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HYPOTHETIC CONDITIONAL (TY II)

The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. These

sentences are not based on the actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any

time and the situation is hypothetical.

What is second type hypothetical conditional?

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely in

reality. If we had a garden, we could have a cat. If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the

country. I wouldn't worry if I were you.

What is an example of a hypothetical conditional statement?

Examples of Hypothetical Conditional Sentences

If you ate too much, you'd (you would) get fatter. You'd get fatter if you ate too much. If everyone

worked faster, we would finish in time. We wouldn't finish in time unless everyone worked faster.

Conditional Sentences in English: Hypothetical Conditionals

Hypothetical Conditionals, future time

When speakers present an action or state in hypothetical conditional terms, they are stating that the

hypothetical [non-]occurrence or [non]-existence of a future action or state is a consequence of some

unlikely, hypothetical prior action or state:

38. If it were fine tomorrow, we would have a barbecue.

39. If Mary phoned, we should invite her to dinner.

40. If you were getting bored, you could do something else.

41. If they wouldn’t give us a rise, we’d take strike action.

42. If David gave Celia the job, I might resign.

43. If Romana would come tomorrow, we could finish the project

44. If you could do that for me, it would help me a lot.

In these examples, only #38 fits with the traditional presentation of the Second Conditional:

SECOND

CONDITIONAL

IF + Past Simple, Would

+ Infinitive [Conditional]

future less

real possibility

If you did not pass the test,

you would fail the course.

And yet, all are natural and grammatically well-formed utterances. In each of them the hypothetical

[less real] likelihood of the occurrence or existence of the action or state in the IF-clause is shown by a

distancing [in reality] form of the verb tense or modal.

In #38, the old subjunctive form were for all persons indicates, as previously noted, absence of likelihood

or reality; many younger people today would use was here. Use of was instead of were in hypothetical

conditionals is generally accepted now, except, for some people, in formal writing and speech.

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HYPOTHETIC CONDITIONAL (TY II)

The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. These sentences are not based on the actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any time and the situation is hypothetical. What is second type hypothetical conditional? The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely in reality. If we had a garden, we could have a cat. If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country. I wouldn't worry if I were you. What is an example of a hypothetical conditional statement? Examples of Hypothetical Conditional Sentences If you ate too much, you'd (you would) get fatter. You'd get fatter if you ate too much. If everyone worked faster, we would finish in time. We wouldn't finish in time unless everyone worked faster. Conditional Sentences in English: Hypothetical Conditionals Hypothetical Conditionals, future time When speakers present an action or state in hypothetical conditional terms, they are stating that the hypothetical [non-]occurrence or [non]-existence of a future action or state is a consequence of some unlikely, hypothetical prior action or state:

_38. If it were fine tomorrow, we would have a barbecue.

If Mary phoned, we should invite her to dinner.
If you were getting bored, you could do something else.
If they wouldn’t give us a rise, we’d take strike action.
If David gave Celia the job, I might resign.
If Romana would come tomorrow, we could finish the project
If you could do that for me, it would help me a lot._ In these examples, only #38 fits with the traditional presentation of the Second Conditional: SECOND CONDITIONAL IF + Past Simple, Would + Infinitive [ Conditional ] future less real possibility If you did not pass the test, you would fail the course. And yet, all are natural and grammatically well-formed utterances. In each of them the hypothetical [less real] likelihood of the occurrence or existence of the action or state in the IF-clause is shown by a distancing [in reality ] form of the verb tense or modal. In #38, the old subjunctive form were for all persons indicates, as previously noted, absence of likelihood or reality; many younger people today would use was here. Use of was instead of were in hypothetical conditionals is generally accepted now, except, for some people, in formal writing and speech.

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In #41, the use of (the negative form of) would implies that the speaker considers ‘their’ future refusal as an annoying or wilful characteristic. In #43, would implies Romana’s willingness to come. Would conveying the idea of [distanced] certainty is, logically, uncommon in the IF-clause Modals can be, and frequently are, used in the IF-clause. The reality-distancing forms are unmarkedCAN MAY MUST SHALL WILL distancing COULD MIGHT SHOULD WOULD MUST has no distancing form;we use would have to when one is required:

45. If he did it again, George would have to dismiss him. Modals can have extrinsic meaning, relating to the degree of certainty of the action or state referred to and an intrinsic meaning, relating to such notions as permission , obligation , necessity and ability. This explains why would can be used with its intrinsic meaning in the IF-clause, but not with its extrinsic meaning. Occasionally context may not make it fully clear which meaning is intended with _could

If you spoke French you could work in Quebec._ Here, if the speaker felt the difference in the two meanings were important, s/he might make this clear by using one of these two forms: 45a. If you spoke French you would be able to work [capable of working] in Quebec. 45b. If you spoke French you would have the possibility of working in Quebec. In #43, If Romana would come tomorrow, she would have completed the job , the hypothetical willingness to perform the action is dependent on the hypothetical certainty of the action in the main clause. An approximate paraphrase is: 43a. If Romana were willing to come tomorrow, the reason would be ... As many gap-fill exercises, imply that EITHER a predictive OR a hypothetical conditional, but not both, is correct, it is worth repeating a point: When speakers present an action or a state in conditional terms, they are stating their views of the possibility/ reality of that action/state; other speakers may view it in a differently. There is no one ‘right’ way of saying it. This was shown by the optimist and pessimist, considering the arrival at a dull party of a person they like. 9. If Michelle arrives , she’ ll brighten _things up.
If Michelle_ arrived , she’ d brighten things up Even what one speaker sees as a general truth: 12. If you heat ice, it melts. may be seen as a hypothetical condition by another:

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HYPOTHETIC CONDITIONAL (TY II)

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