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UTA INSY 2303 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers 2023
Processor - integrated circuit is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements, such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors. Usually these circuits are found in microprocessors. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - performs arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, as well as logical operations, such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same Control Unit - The other main component of a CPU, which fetches each instruct giving the ALU the start to begin processing. Digital Device - Devices that use electronic circuits to represent data. Examples include computers, iPods, game systems, televisions, cameras, cars, and appliances. Binary Digits - Consists of only two digits:0 and 1. Allows digital devices to represent virtually any number simply by using 0s and 1s. Compiler - converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called object code, is placed in a new executable file often resulting in a fast more efficient program. Interpreter - converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running resulting in a more flexible program. Interpreters are good for programs that change constantly. Personal Computers - A microprocessor-based computing digital device designed to meet the computing needs of an individual, which provides access to a wide variety of applications, such as word processing, photo editing, and e-mail. Mainframe - a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneiously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users generally used by businesses and governments to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data. Perfect for reliability, security and centralized control purposes. Supercomputer - The fastest and most expensive type of computer, capable of processing trillions of instructions per second and can tackle complex tasks and computer-intensive problems. Used primarily to break codes, model worldwide weather systems, and simulate nuclear explosions. RAM (random access memory) - computer memory circuitry taht temporarily holds data, program instructions, and the operating system in a personal computer. RAM is temporary and volatile which means it requires electrical power to hold data.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) - One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process. ROM is permanent and non-volatile, which means it does not require a constant supply of power to hold data. Digital Storage - A general category of storage mechanisms, in which data are digitally recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical methods on a surface layer deposited of one or more planar, round and rotating platters. Digital storage is non-volatile, which means it does not require a constant supply of power to hold data. Multithreading - A technology that allows multiple parts or threads from a program to run simultaneously Multitasking - The ability of a computer, processor, or operating system to run more than one program, job, or task at the same time. Pipelining - A technology that allows a processor to begin executing an instruction before completing the previous instruction. Serial Processing - The processing of data one instruction at a time, completing one instruction before beginning another. Parallel Processing - The simultaneous use of more that one processor to execute a program. Magnetic Storage - A technology for recording data onto disks or tape by magnetizing particles of an oxide-based surface coating. Data is stored by magnetizing microscopic particles on a disk or tape surface. Types of media in this storage include hard disk, floppy disk, and tape storage technologies. Particles scattered in random pattern are magnetized by the disk drive's read-write head and oriented in a positive (north) or negative (south) direction to represent 0 and 1 bits. Optical Storage - A technology that records data as light and dark spots on a CD, DVD, or other optical media. Types of media in this storage include CD, DVD, and Blu-ray technologies. Data is tored as light and dark spots on the disk surface. Solid State Storage - A data storage device that utilizes erasable, rewritable circuitry. Types of media in this storage includes memory cards, USB flash drives, and U3 drives. Data is stored in erasable, rewritable circuitry. Application Software - Computer programs that help you perform a specific task such as word processing. Examples include Microsoft Office, Adobe InDesign, and Dreamweaver. Virus - A program designed to attach itself to a file, reporduce, and spread from one file to another, destroying data, displaying an irritating message, or otherwise disrupting computer operations. Viruses require human intervention in order to spread.
Physical Storage Model - A representation of data as it is physically stored. Basically, this model is how files are actually saved. File management utility - software, such as windows explorer, that helps users locate, rename, move, copy, and delete files. full - type of backup; copy of all the files fore a specifed backup job differential - type of backup; a copy of all the files that changed since the last full backup of a disk incremental - type of backup; a backup that contains files that changed since the last backup Formatting - the processing of dividing a disk into sectors so that it can be used to store information. Formatting is intergral to completely deleting data. Deleting Files (The Process) - When selecting the delete option from a files icon, the operating system simply changes the status of the file's clusters to "empty" and removes the file name from the index file. The file name no longer appears in a directory listing, but the file's data remains in the clusters until a new file is stored there. TO delete data in such a way that no one cna ever read it, you can use special file shredder software that overwrites supposedly empty sectors with random 1s and 0s. LAN (Local Area Network) - An interconnected group of computers and peripherals located within a relatively limited area, such as building or campus. WAN (Wide Area Network) - An interconnect group of computers and peripherals that covers a large geographical area, such as multiple branches of a corporation Network Devices (Network Appliances) - Any electronic devices that broadcast network data, boost signals, or routes datat to its destination. Examples includ hubs, siwtches routers, gateways, bridges, and repeaters Ring - type of topology; a network in which all devices are connected in a circle with each device having exactly two neighbors P2P - type of topology; a method of using a network in which workstations act as both file servers and clients High Bandwidth (Broadband) - refers to communiactions channels, such as cable TV and DSL, which have high bandwith Narrow Bandwidth (Narrowband) - Refers to communcation channels, such as dial-up Internet access, which have low bandwidth.
Packet Switching - A technology used by data communications networks, such as the Internet, where a message is divided into smaller units called "packets" for transmission. Circuit Switching - A method used by the telephone network to temporarily connect one telephone with another for the duration of a call Wireless - Networks that use radio or infrared signals (instead of calbes) to transmit data from one network device to another. The different types of wireless networks are radio signals, microwaves, and infrared light. The main advantage of this network is mobility but its disadvantages include speed, range, licensing, and security. Wired - A network that uses cables or wires to transmit data from one network device to another. The main advantages of this network are speed, security, and the ease of configuration but it its main disadvantage is mobility. Plaintext - An original, un-encrypted message. Converting plain text to ciphertext is known as encryption Ciphertext - An encrypted message. Converting ciphertext to plaintext is known as decryption ISP (Internet Service Provide) - A company that provides internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - The protocol that is responsible for establishing a data connection between two hosts and breaking data into packets. Basically creates connections and exchanges packets of data. IP (Internet Protocol) - responsible for addressing packets so that they can be routed to their destinations; IPv4 offers 32bit whereas IPv6 offers 128bit. provides devices with unique addresses Static IP - A permanently assigned and unique IP address, used by hosts or servers. Private IP - An address that cannot be routed over the internet Routable IP Address - a network address that can be routed over the internet Modem - device that modulates and demodulates a signal, used to send data from a computer to the internet over telephone, cable television, or satellite networks. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A set of rules for uploading and downloading files between a client computer and a remote server. Router - a physical device that joins multiple wired or wireless networks together Dial up - a narrowband service taht is the slowest and the cheapest
Phishing - an email based scam that designed to fool users into revealing confidential information cookies - messages sent from a web server to a browser and stored on a user's hard disk, usually containing information about the user. Voice recognition - the process by wich computers recognize voice patterns and words, then convert them to digital data voice synthesis - the process by which computers produce sound that resembles spoken words bitmap - composed of grid of dots where the color of each dot is stored as a binary number. formats include RAW, PNG, GIF, PCX, BMP, JPEG, and TIFF. used to create more realistic images but with a larger file size; creates pixilation by enlarging. high-res graphics - contains more data, which makes it possible to display and print high quality images that are sharper and clearer low-res graphics - contains less data, which produces low-quality images vector graphics - image generated from descriptions that specify the position, length and direction in which lines and shapes are drawn based on geometric shapes. rasteration - process of superimposing a grid over a vector image and determining the color depth for each pixel offshoring - corporate practice of relocating production, manufacturing, or customer service to lower-cost overseas locations database admin - person who supervises database design, development, testing, and maintenance computer engineer - a computer professional that focuses on design and development of computer hardware and peripheral devices Technical Writer - A person who specializes in writing explanation of technical concepts and procedures software engineer - a computer professional who develops software using systematic mathematical, engineering, and management techniques. network specialist - a computer professional who plans, installs, and maintains one or more local area networks exception report - report generated by a management infomration system, listing information that is outside normal or acceptable ranges, such as a reorder report showing low-stock inventory items
summary report - report generated that combines or groups data and usually provides totals, such as report of total annual sales for the past five years ad hoc report - customized report generated as needed decision support system - computer system that allows decision makers to manipulate data directly, to incorporate data from external sources, and to create data models or "what-if" models expert system - computer system incorporating knowledge form human experts, and designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation or decision PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) - technique for project management by displaying interconnected events and task milestones on a timeline WBS (Work Breakdown Schedule) - project management tool based on a hierarchical structure of tasks and deliverables Gantt Chart - chart that depicts a project schedule by showing each task as a bar on the chart SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) - series of phases that outilines the development process of an information system SDLC phases - planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance analysis - SDLC; main deliverables from ____ phase are the system requirement reports and analysis strategiesq design - SDLC; main deliverables from the ____ phase are the system specifications implementation - SDLC; main deliverables from the ____ phase are the programs, manuales, training materials, and plans for system reports Maintenance - SDLC; the most expensive phase of the SDLC is the _____ phase. Centralized Processing - An information system design in which data is processed on a centrally located computer, usually a mainframe distributed processing - information system design in which data is processed on multiple workstations or servers unit testing - process of testing a completed application module to make sure that it operates reliably and correctly integration testing - the testing of completed modules of an application to ensure that they operate together correctly
selection control structure - a component of a computer program that tells a computer what to do, depending on wheteher a condition is true or false repetition - component of a computer program that repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met sequence - programming construct that alters the order in which instructions are executed class hierarchy - set of superclasses, classes from which attributes can be inherited, and subclasses, classes that inherit attributes from a superclass, that are related from each other. example would be assigning pizza as the superclass with round pizza and rectangular pizza as the subclasses, which both contain attributes from pizza, such as shape and price. object - discrete piece of code describing a person, place, thing, event, or type of information class - group with specific characteristics to which an object belongs attribute - defines a characteristic for the members of a class method - any action that an object can perform inheritance - method for defining new classes of objects based on the characteristics of existing classes. Polymorphism - overloading; ability to redefine a method for a subclass in object-oriented programming encapsulation - object-oriented technique in which the internal details of an object are "hidden" in order to simply their use and reuse.
