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Question & Answeres 2025
What is the Renaissance? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Renaissances are "revivals" and the European Renaissance was a "revival of Cicero". What are the humanities? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Disciplines that separate us from animals. Ex: art, music, theatre, history. Who is Giovanni Pico della Mirandola? Why is he condemned by the Catholic Church? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Italian philosopher that wanted to combine ideas from Ancient Western civilizations. Wrote "Oration on the Dignity of man", considered manifesto of the Renaissance. 900 theses on religion to philosophy to magic. He was condemned because the Catholic church wanted total control on faith/beliefs. What is hidden in the painting "The Creation of Adam" and why is it significant? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Michaelangelo's "The Creation of Adam" illustrates the Anticipation of God's creation of Adam. There is a brain hidden in God's "cloak", likely symbolizing the endowment of Adam with knowledge of good and evil. Where did the Renaissance begin and why there? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Renaissance began in Italy, which was the gateway to trade in Europe.
Question & Answeres 2025
Why would the Pope seek to create conflict between the Italian City States? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Pope didn't want any City-State to gain enough power to influence what he had power over. The Florentine Republic becomes more valid through Cosimo de Medici, who created the Peace of Lodi due to the fear of Ottomans in the east. What does Gutenberg Invent? Why is it significant? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press. It's significant because it allowed humans to get access to the Bible and scientific works, which causes the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. What is revolutionary about Da Vinci's paintings? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔His usage of the Golden Ratio, a concept of mathematical symmetry. How does the Italian Economy change and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Began embracing earthly pleasures and conspicuous consumption, or consumption that you can see, as opposed to hiding it or avoiding showing it, which was the life in Middle Ages, because of self- sufficiency, plague, and the development of a middle-class. Further, political infighting occurs and allows the middle class to be left alone to earn money.
Question & Answeres 2025
to separate from the Catholic Church, thus creating the Church of England. Explain the Estates System. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Estates System is France's division of clergy (first estate), aristocracy (second estate), and the peasantry (third estate). This doesn't mean that they all have "equal" representation, as the first and second estates often "teamed up". What led to the Golden Age of England? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Golden Age of England was begun by the defeat of Philip II of Spain's armada as it attempted to invade England, and it was stopped by a storm, or a "Protestant Wind". What was the status of people in Eastern Europe during the 16th and 17th century? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Most peasants in Eastern Europe were serfs, which meant that they had to pay for their mill use, tools, etc. Further, they work for free, to the benefit of their landlords. In short, they were exploited by landowners/landlords. They additionally have an excessively high mortality rate, caused by a lack of real medicine.
Question & Answeres 2025
What was seen as a sign or of status to most European peasantry? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Education, birth, title, office, etc. They did not see wealth as a sign of status. What were the primary power structures of Europe? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Religious Authority, which involves the powers of the papacy/church. Additionally, Political Authority is split into two models: Absolutism, as seen in France, and Shared Power, as seen in England and which involves kings sharing power with parliament. What causes the Thirty Years War and what Treaty comes into existence to alleviate the possibility of future conflict? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Thirty Years' War is begun because of religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Germany's Holy Roman Empire (A conglomeration of states that are neither Roman, nor Holy). Following this, Ferdinand II attempted to eradicate Protestants, and overall, 1/5 of Germans are killed. British and French will support both sides, and Poland will enter just before the Ottoman Empire joins the battle. Overall, all the external factors want to see Germany brought down. 7 million people die, and the Treaty of Westphalia is born in 1948, creating diplomatic ties and a balance of power. What is Mercantilism? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Expansion of a country via colonization for the sake of the benefit provided by the
Question & Answeres 2025
a global conflict that involves England and was the American side of that conflict between France and England. It forced the British to defend the colonies against the French. It set the stage for the American Revolution, as salutary neglect had made the colonies feel disconnected from their countries and led to the rise of founders like George Washington. What is Salutary Neglect and what impact does this have on the American Colonies? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔American legislatures had functioned for quite some time "on their own" and had effectively become independent, save the exportation of goods. England chose to attempt control of the colonies once again, and due to taxes and other affairs, What elements of control did the British utilize against the colonists? What mistakes did they make? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The control used against the colonies involved heavy taxation in order to both control and pay back their debt from the French and Indian War. They used search warrants to confiscate goods and prosecuted Americans in Military Courts. All of this led to Americans to belief their rights had been violated as British Citizens. What is the true story of the Boston Massacre? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It was a clash between Bostonians and British Soldiers. Both groups
Question & Answeres 2025
were at fault, but ultimately, it led to five Bostonians being killed and the distribution of a propagandized version of events. What is the major significance of the Battle of Saratoga? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Battle of Saratoga was the first major victory in the Revolutionary War and signals to the French that they could win. What significant effect did the Revolutionary War have on France? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Revolutionary War signaled to the Third Estate that Revolution in France was possible. It exposed French officers to the leaders and ideas of the American People. Who were the Sans-culottes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Members of the Third Estate banded together to overthrow/protest the First and Second Estates' treatment of them. Translates to "without knee-pants". The Sans-Culottes were the first to properly have "class consciousness". Why did the National Assembly meet on a Tennis Court and what did they desire? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The National Assembly met on the Tennis Court because they were locked out of the Estates General meeting. Their principles are effective: men should be free and equal, religious toleration, and they created a basic constitution that limits power.
Question & Answeres 2025
rebellion in West France and ended with Robespierre's suicide while facing his own arrest. Who is Napoleon? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ruler following the Reign of Terror. He's a military man and was an artillery officer. He's a celebrated military leader brought in to take power in France and he creates the fairest tax code France had ever seen. Following his crowning as Emperor (by himself) he conquered most of Europe in a 7- year timespan, attempting to end absolutism by instituting revolution in the countries he'd conquered. He further installed members of his family as rulers in these countries and exploited them for France's benefit. What was the Napoleonic Code? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A system of laws that include equality of all male citizens, universal male suffrage, and affirmation of property rights and religious liberty. He invited exiled nobles to return to France and guaranteed religious freedom. It further limited freedom of speech and the press, while also denying women any rights. Who crowned Napoleon and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Napoleon was crowned by himself because the Pope typically did this, but he, in placing the crown on his own head showed that he would never bow to the Church but would rule in his own right as his own person.
Question & Answeres 2025
What was the Continental System and what were its ramifications? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Continental System was Napoleon's attempt to weaken England via economic pressure. He forces countries he trades with to agree not to trade with England. While the exclusivity is nice for France, it frustrates and turns the bourgeoisie against him, as England has the second largest trading market in Europe at this point. What military defeats lead to the downfall of Napoleon? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Napoleon failed to subdue England, which threatened his rule in Europe. He created the Continental System, which forces those in his own country to hate him for limiting their trade options. One of their current trading partners is Russia, which still is trading with England. Napoleon is upset by this and invades Russia with the "Grand Army" of 614,000 men. Russia doesn't fight back and instead continues to retreat into their country. The Russian winter hits early, which leads to massive losses of troops. Russia burns their own capital, Moscow, to avoid supplies being available. Napoleon returns with 40,000 men. Following this defeat/retreat, the rest of Europe comes together, and Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, exiling him to the island of Elba. He's rescued from Elba and has an army waiting for him. He is defeated again at Waterloo and is finally exiled to St. Helena, dying there.
