Understanding the Self: A Philosophical Exploration, Slides of Psychology

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UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF

P r e p a r e d B y:

M a y e y e a n T. Ta g u i b a l o s , R P m

I n s t r u c t o r 1

• (^) Before school, you articulate and write your names;
• Parents thought painstakingly about names;
• Names represent us, and who we are.
• Human beings attach names that are meaningful for

these names are supposed to designate us in the

world;

• We are also giving nicknames to identify who we are

called for.

“A Name, no matter how intimately

bound it is with the bearer, however, is

not the person.”

IT IS ONLY A SIGNIFIER.

A person who was named after a saint

most probably will not become an actual

saint.

The self is thought to be something else

than the name.

The self is something that a person

perennially molds, shapes, and develop.

The self is not static thing that one simply

born with like a mole on one’s face.

The self is just assigned by one’s parents

just like the name.

LESSON 1: From the Perspective of

Philosophy

From the Greek words

“Philos” which means love

“Sophia” which means wisdom

In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people

undertake when they seek to understand fundamental

truths about themselves, the world in which they live,

and their relationships to the world and to each other.

PHILOSOPHY

Socrates

Plato

St. Augustine of Hippo

Rene Descartes

John Locke

David Hume

Immanuel Kant

Sigmund Freud

Gilbert Ryle

Patricia and Paul

Churchland

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

PHILOSOPHERS

 An ancient Greek, Philosopher,

Scholar, Teacher

 One of the ‘big three’ (SPA)

 Considered to be the main source

of Western Thought

 His works were only known through

Plato’s writing (The Dialogues).

SOCRATES

Socrate Plato Aristotl

 People skilled in doing this were

called Sophists. They are also the

first teacher of the West.

 Their arguments were usually

about practical things and not with

metaphysical speculations that lead

to the examination and critiquing of

socially accepted standards of

behavior within the society of

Athens.

SOCRATES

Also called The Dialectic Method

This method involves asking a series of questions

seeking to find consistency and point out contradiction

The search for the correct/proper definition of a thing

This allowed him to question people’s belief and

ideas, exposing their misconceptions and get them to

touch their souls.

THE SOCRATIC METHOD

The unexamined life is not worth living.

Mission was to seek the highest knowledge and

convince others who were willing to seek this

knowledge with him.

Touching of soul, may mean helping the person to get

in touch with his true self.

The true self is not the body but the soul.

SOCRATES’S VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

 Delphi Oracle named Socrates as the wisest of all the men,

Socrates became confused.

 After much contemplation, he realized what the oracle meant.

 Socratic ignorance refers, paradoxically, to a kind of

knowledge–a person's frank acknowledgment of what they don't

know. It is captured by the well-known statement: “I know only

one thing–that I know nothing.” Paradoxically,

Socratic ignorance is also referred to as "Socratic wisdom."

SOCRATES’S VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

Forms in the mind is the reality and the object we

sense is just a manifestation of the “Forms”

Forms refers to what are real, they are not objects

that are encountered with the senses but can only be

grasped intellectually.

THEORY OF FORMS

1. The Forms are ageless and therefore are eternal.
2. The Forms are unchanging and therefore permanent.
3. The Forms are unmoving and indivisible.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATO’S FORMS