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UGA Ga and US History Exemption
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True or false? Georgia was the youngest and southernmost of the 13 colonies? - ✔✔True Who is Hernan Cortes, and what is he notorious for? - ✔✔Spanish explorer/conquistador who marched across Mexico and conquered the Aztecs (aka Spanish Mexican war, which lasted from 1519 - 1521) What Spanish explorer/conquistador discovered, and was the first to cross the Mississippi River? - ✔✔Hernando de Soto What was the main goal of de Soto's expedition in 1538? - ✔✔To find gold and conquer Florida for the Spanish crown Who first colonized Georgia, and why did they do so? - ✔✔The Spanish were the first to colonize Georgia, because they were in search for gold What leader of English parliament founded the colony of Georgia? - ✔✔James Edward Oglethorpe What was the first permanent English settlement in the United States? - ✔✔Jamestown What happened during the winter from 1609-1610 in Jamestown? - ✔✔80 percent of the population died from disease and weather related illness When and where did the first slave ship arrive to America? - ✔✔In 1619, the first African slave ship arrived in Jamestown In what year did Jamestown establish the modern concept of slavery in the U.S.? - ✔✔ 1640 Who served as Georgia's 3rd and FINAL Royal Governor? - ✔✔James Wright
Why are the first 20 years of Georgia history are referred to as Trustee Georgia? - ✔✔because during that time King George II of England signed a charter stating that a Board of Trustees, appointed by him, would be responsible for governing the colony What were the original trustees of Georgia provided with? - ✔✔50 acres of land, free passage, and 1 year of provision What colony was founded by William Penn? - ✔✔Pennsylvania True or false? The colony of Pennsylvania was given to Penn by the English crown with the main purpose of settling the Quaker's? - ✔✔True. Aside from being the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania, William Penn was also a strong advocate for what? - ✔✔1.) Religious freedom 2.) The unification of ALL U.S. Colonies What European country claimed Quebec and first settled the land west of the Mississippi River? - ✔✔France True or false? The English were the first European country to settle in modern day New York? - ✔✔False. The Dutch first settled in NY along the Hudson River, and later colonized New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island What modern day states encompass the Chesapeake Bay? - ✔✔Virginia and Maryland True or false? The main cash crop in the Chesapeake Bay was Corn. - ✔✔False. TOBACCO was the main cash crop in the Chesapeake Bay. True or False? Early settlers wanted their main cash crops to be either wine, silk, rice, or indigo. - ✔✔True. Early settlers wanted their main cash crops to be wine, silk, rice, or indigo. However this did not happen. COTTON and TOBACCO became the main cash crops for early settlers.
What land did Britain gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris? - ✔✔Canada and ALL French land East of the Mississippi What land did Spain gain and lose as a result of the Treaty of Paris? - ✔✔Spain gave up control of Florida, but gained received ALL lands west of the Mississippi What is Mercantilism? - ✔✔Mercantilism is an economic system meant to unify and increase power and wealth through regulatory policies and favorable balance of trade What world renowned economist strongly opposed Mercantilism? - ✔✔Adam Smith True or False? Mercantilism is designed to maximize a nation's imports. - ✔✔False. Mercantilism is designed to maximize a nation's EXPORTS What years did the American Revolutionary War span? - ✔✔1775 to 1783 What three big events lead up to the beginning of the Revolutionary war? - ✔✔1.) Stamp Act against King George III (1765) 2.) Boston Massacre (1770) 3.) Boston Tea Party & Son's of Liberty (1773) Who is known as the Father of the American Revolution and why? - ✔✔Thomas Paine, because he inspired the rebels to declare independence from Britain What two pieces of literature is Thomas Paine most known for? - ✔✔1.) "Common Sense" - a pamphlet written in 1775-1776 advocating independence from Great Britain 2.) "The American Crisis" - a pamphlet series originally published from 1776-1783. There are 16 pamphlets in total What battles served as the first military engagement of the Revolutionary War? - ✔✔The Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775) These took place in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, and Concord.
*The outnumbered colonists were shocked by their victory In pop culture, what is the Battles of Lexington and Concord referred to as? - ✔✔It is commonly referred to as "the shot hear round the world", because it was this battle that started the revolutionary war Who was in charge of the British forces during the Battles of Lexington and Concord? - ✔✔Lt. Francis Smith When was UGA founded? - ✔✔ 1785 True or False? UGA was the first state-chartered university? - ✔✔True. UGA is also the OLDEST and LARGEST institution of higher learning in Georgia What Gov. of Georgia was a reformer who wished to clean up after the Federalists, and also promised to repeal the Yazoo Deal if elected? - ✔✔Governor James Jackson. He won the election in 1796 and rescinded the Yazoo Deal as promised Who was known as the father of the Jefferson Party in Georgia, and was also elected to the state's first Congress? - ✔✔Governor James Jackson was the father of the Jefferson Party in GA and was also elected to the first congress, but he wasn't re-elected True or False? George Washington drafted the U.S. Constitution and the Articles of Confederation. - ✔✔False. George Washington did draft the Constitution, but he only approved the Articles of Confederation. *John Dickinson was responsible for drafting the Articles of Confederation Who was Friedrich von Steuben, and what were his contributions to the Continental U.S. Army? - ✔✔He was an experienced German Soldier that was responsible for training the continental army and teaching them how to follow commands, and taught them the strategy of attack and retreat Who was Nancy Morgan Hart and what is her biggest claim to fame? - ✔✔Nancy Morgan Hart was a patriotic Georgian/spy who would disguise herself as a man and enter British camps to gain information. *She's famous for holding 6 British soldiers (Tories) at gunpoint, because they tried to pillage her land
True or False? The Bill of Rights served as the first Constitution. - ✔✔False. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution, whereas the Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. What type of national government did we have as a result of the Articles of Confederation (1781)? - ✔✔The Articles of Confederation limited the power of the National Gov't, making it weak and incapable of dealing with the nation's problems True or False? The Articles of Confederation were later replaced with a Federal system under the Constitution. - ✔✔True. True or False? Alexander Hamilton was one of the founding fathers, who aided Washington, and was one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution. - ✔✔True. Alexander Hamilton is know as the father of what military branch? - ✔✔Alexander Hamilton is the Father of the U.S. Coast Guard Who founded the nation's financial system, and also became the first U.S. Treasurer? - ✔✔Alexander Hamilton True or False? James Ross was the founder of the Federalist Party. - ✔✔False. Alexander Hamilton was the founder of the Federalist Party What was the Federalist Party and who were they lead by? - ✔✔One of America's first party systems, and was the world's first voter-based political party led by Alexander Hamilton. *Dominated the political enviroment prior to 1800 When and why did the Federalist Party come into being? - ✔✔The Federalist Party came into being between 1792 and 1794 as a national coalition of bankers and businessmen began to support the fiscal policies of Alexander Hamilton. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Lay wrote the "Federalist Papers" under what pseudonym? - ✔✔Publius. Publius has a Latin/Roman connection, usually meaning, "of the people"
What were the Federalist Papers? - ✔✔A series of 85 letters written to newspapers from 1787- 1788 meant to convince people to ratify the constitution. What does James Madison discuss in the portion of the Federalist Papers that he wrote? - ✔✔James Madison discusses the means of preventing rule by majority faction and advocates for a large, commercial Republic Why was James Madison know as the "Father of the Constitution"? - ✔✔Because he played such a large role in ratifying the Constitution Who wrote the Bill of Rights? - ✔✔James Madison Who was the President during the War of 1812? - ✔✔James Madison What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? - ✔✔Created the first organized territory of the U.S., north-west of the Ohio River What came as a result of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? - ✔✔The Northwest Ordinance resulted in Westward expansion, but this also helped set the stage for national competition over admitting free and slave states Who invented the Cotton Gin and what did it do? - ✔✔Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin in 1793 and the machine removed seeds from unprepared cotton What are the three largest impacts in the south, resulting from the invention of the Cotton Gin? - ✔✔1.) Strengthened Slavery in the South 2.) Development of an American textile industry 3.) Spread of Cotton as a cash crop in Southern States What did the Great Compromise of 1787 do? - ✔✔The Great Compromise of 1787 retained the bicameral legislature as proposed along with proportional representation of the states in the Lower House, but required the Upper House to be weighted equally between states
Who brokered the deal for the Louisiana Purchase, and with which country did he make the deal with? - ✔✔Thomas Jefferson brokered the deal with France True or False? Thomas Jefferson was president during the Louisiana Purchase. - ✔✔True. He was the 3rd president of the U.S. serving from March, 1801 - March, 1809 What political party was opposed to the Louisiana Purchase? - ✔✔The Federalist Party What is a bicameral legislature? - ✔✔refers to any lawmaking body of government that consists of two separate houses or chambers, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate that make up the United States Congress What is a unicameral legislature? - ✔✔a lawmaking body with a single house of elected representatives True or False? Milledgeville was Georgia's first capital. - ✔✔False. Milledgeville was the 4th Capital of Georgia (1804-1868) and seat of the state government during the Civil War (1861-1865) When did President James Madison declare war on the British, and what is this war known as? - ✔✔The War of 1812 began on June 18, 1812, after President Madison declared war on the British What were the three main reasons for the U.S. declaring was on the British in 1812 - ✔✔1.) Trade restrictions due to the British war with France 2.) The imprisonment of U.S. merchant sailors, The Royal Navy would remove U.S. seamen from U.S. merchant vessels & force them to serve on behalf of the British 3.) The British were supporting Native American tribes instead of aiding us in westward expansion How did the War of 1812 end? - ✔✔Both sides signed and ratified The Treaty of Ghent, and in accordance with the treaty, both sides returned occupied lands, POW's, and captured ships When was the Treaty of Ghent signed and ratified? - ✔✔The treaty was signed and ratified on February 18, 1815, and marked an end to the War of 1812
Why did the British burn down D.C. and the white house? - ✔✔This took place on Aug 24, 1815, during the War of 1812, and was a direct retaliation for the American attack on the city of York, Ontario in June of 1812 *The White House was not reconstructed until 1817 True or False? In 1837 engineers for the Western & Atlantic Railroad staked out a point on a ridge 7 miles east of the Chattahoochee as the southern end of a rail line, they planned to build south from Chattanooga, TN. - ✔✔True. *this was also a state-sponsored project What act of legislation signed by President Andrew Jackson lead to the "Trail of Tears"? - ✔✔President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forced the relocation of American Cherokee Indian *Many of them relocated to Oklahoma What attributed to most of the deaths along the "Trail of Tears"? - ✔✔1.) Exposure 2.) Disease 3.) Starvation When was gold found in Georgia? - ✔✔Gold was found in 1828, but it was mostly on land controlled by the Cherokee, so the Georgia Gold Rush wouldn't begin until the Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced the Cherokee of their land What is the second party system? - ✔✔A political system in the U.S. from 1828 to 1854 after the fall of the 1st party system. Under the second party system two political party's dominated What were the two dominant party's during the second party system? - ✔✔1.) Democratic Party 2.) Whig Party Who led the Democratic Party during the second party system? - ✔✔Andrew Jackson Who assembled the Whig party? - ✔✔Henry Clan and other National Republican who opposed Andrew Jackson
What were four major strengths of the Union Army during the Civil War? - ✔✔1.) Superior leadership in Abe Lincoln 2.) Greater population (22 million) 3.) Military power (5 to 2 advantage in men, plus a navy, and war machinery) 4.) More factories, money, and railroads than the Confederate Army True or False? The Confederate Army outnumbered the Union Army. - ✔✔False. For every FIVE men the Union had, the Confederacy only had TWO men. What were two major weaknesses of the Union Army? - ✔✔1.) They were mostly fighting in unfamiliar territory 2.) Most of the Union was less-motivated to fight when compared to their Confederate counterparts True or False? Robert E. Lee served as the first and only President of the Confederate States. - ✔✔False. Jefferson Davis was the first and only President of the Confederate States.
- Originally a senator for Mississippi What were three major strengths of the Confederate Army? - ✔✔1.) Outstanding and well- experienced military officers 2.) Strong Motivation to fight (they were fighting to preserve their way of life that they had come accustomed to) 3.) Fighting on familiar territory What were two major weaknesses of the Confederate Army? - ✔✔1.) Weak leadership of Jefferson Davis 2.) Fewer men, money, factories, and supplies Who gifted the city of Savannah to President Lincoln as a Christmas present? - ✔✔William T. Sherman Who was William T. Sherman, and what is he most notorious for? - ✔✔He commanded the Union Army in Tennessee, and in September of 1864 he and his troops captured Atlanta and from there he would begin his famous "March to the Sea"
What did Sherman do during his "march to the sea"? - ✔✔Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah whilst burning and pillaging nearly everything in his path What policy did Sherman implement during his march to the sea? - ✔✔The "scorched earth" policy, that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, for example food sources, water supplies, transportation, communications, industrial resources, and even the local people themselves. Who formed the Democratic Republic Party that became dominate after 1800? - ✔✔Thomas Jefferson formed the Democratic Republican Party , which was also one of America's first party systems True or False? The Democratic Republic Party was the precursor to the Federalist Party. - ✔✔False. The Democratic Party and Federalist Party existed simultaneously, and they OPPOSED one another Where was the Democrat Republican Party the strongest? - ✔✔The Party was strongest in the south and wherever you could find people making a living as a Planter or a Farmer True or False? The Federalist Party favored States' Rights, a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and a strong state government. - ✔✔False. The Democratic Republicans favored States' Rights, a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and a strong state government. What happened during the Mexican American War in 1846? - ✔✔Mexican's and American's were fighting over territory in the southwest (Texas & Rio Grande). *As a result, Mexico ceded all claims north of the Rio Grande River, which included California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Wyoming, and parts of Colorado What marked an end to the Mexican American War? - ✔✔The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which was signed on Feb 12, 1848 What did the U.S. receive as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? - ✔✔The U.S. received lands that would become Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Southwestern Colorado and Southwestern Wyoming
What was the 14th amendment and when was it passed? - ✔✔No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (July 9, 1868) What amendments are known as the Reconstruction Amendments? - ✔✔The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War What is the crop lien system? - ✔✔This system was a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. Farmer's put a lien on their crops in exchange for things like fertilizer, farming supplies, and provisions When and where in the U.S. was the crop lien system popular? - ✔✔This was popular amongst southern cotton farmers from 1860- 1930 True or False? Tennessee was the first southern state to secede from the United States? - ✔✔False. South Carolina was the first to secede in 1861. Tennessee was the LAST southern state to secede What act of Congress served to repeal the Missouri Compromise? - ✔✔The Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise, and allowed each state to decide whether or not they wanted slavery within their borders True or False? The New York City Riots of 1863 were the deadliest riots in U.S. history. - ✔✔True. Most of the rioters were Irish, or Irish Americans who initially attacked military and gov't buildings, and then they directed the brunt of their attack towards black people and businesses What lead to the NYC Draft Riots of 1863? - ✔✔New federal draft laws favored the upper-class, the union was beginning to draft more men and the majority of which happened to be working-class people, because under the new laws you could be exempt from the draft if you paid $ Why did the black citizen's receive the brunt of the violence during the NYC Riots? - ✔✔The new federal laws made black citizen's exempt from the draft, because they were not considered citizens. This made the lower class whites angry, because they were getting drafted, and black citizen's were not.
How was order restored in NYC during the 1863 riots? - ✔✔Lincoln called in 4,000 federal troops, who had been fighting in the Battle of Gettysburg, and after 5 days of rioting, the troops restored order. Who served as the Governor of Georgia during the Civil War? - ✔✔Governor Joseph E. Brown governed from 1857- 1865 True or False? Governor Joseph E. Brown opposed secession and tried to protect Georgian's from entering the Civil War. - ✔✔True. Although he was the Governor of a Confederate state, Joseph E. Brown was heavily critical of the Confederacy policies Who was the only Vice President of the Confederate States of America? - ✔✔Alexander H. Stephens was VP of the Confederate States of America from 1861-1865. *In 1882, Alexander Stephens was elected as the 50th Governor of GA, but died the following year. What battle marked the beginning of the Civil War? - ✔✔Battle of Fort Sumter (1861) What happened at the Battle of Fort Sumter? - ✔✔Confederates bombarded the federally owned Fort Sumter near Charleston, SC, and eventually the U.S. Army would eventually surrender the fort to the Confederate troops Which battle served as Union retaliation after the Confederate Army took Fort Sumter? - ✔✔The First Battle of Bull Run (July 21, 1861) was the first major land battle of the Civil War, and resulted in another Confederate victory What did the Confederate forces call the First Battle of Bull Run? - ✔✔The First Battle of Manassas True or False? The KKK is a social club, terrorist organization, and white supremacist group. - ✔✔True. The KKK supported white nationalism, anti-immigration policies, and opposed Catholics and Jews How many manifestations did the KKK have overtime? - ✔✔Three. 1.) 1865-1871 (Civil War, founded in Tennessee) 2.) 1915-1944 (founded at Stone Mountain and based on Birth of a Nation) 3.) 1946-Present (Urged for desegregation in the south, aligned with Alabama Gov. George Wallace)
What was the Freedman's Bureau? - ✔✔The Freedman's Bureau was established as an act of congress in 1862, two weeks prior to the south surrendering. The bureau helped millions of former slaves and poor whites. The bureau protected the legal rights of freedmen, negotiated labor contracts, and even setup schools and churches for former slaves What was the Reconstruction Era? - ✔✔period after the Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union (1865-1877) What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 include? - ✔✔1.) The south was split into 5 districts & governed by military governors until acceptable state constitutions could be written & passed by Congress 2.) All men, excluding former confederate leaders, were permitted to participate in the constitutional conventions thats formed a new Gov't in each state 3.) New state constitutions were required to provide voting right to ALL men, regardless of race 4.) States were required to ratify the 14th amendment in order to be readmitted to the Union What amendment explicitly grants African-American men the right to vote? - ✔✔15th Amendment (Passed in 1870) Who was Georgia's first Republican Governor who served during the Reconstruction? - ✔✔Gov. Rufus Bullock served from 1968 until 1971 when he resigned and left the state amidst allegations of scandal and with pressure from the KKK Who was Tunis Campbell? - ✔✔Tunis Campbell was a prominent black politician who was elected in 1868 as a state senator, and represented McIntosh County *He was insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries What did the Freedman's Bureau appoint Tunis Campbell to do? - ✔✔He was appointed to oversee land claims & resettlement on Georgia islands, including: Ossobaw Island, Colonels Island, St. Catherine's Island, and Sapelo Island
What caused the Panic of 1873? - ✔✔from 1866-1873 railroad construction in the U.S. was booming, and banks/other industries were putting their money in railroads. One of these heavily-invested banks was Jay Cooke & Co. , so when Jay Cooke & Co. closed on September 18, 1873, the panic began True or False? Jay Cooke & Co. was a federal agent in the gov't financing of railroad construction. - ✔✔True. The closure of Jay Cooke & Co. resulted in a nationwide depression. Who was Vice President when Abe Lincoln was assassinated? - ✔✔Andrew Johnson, and he was sworn in as President the day of Lincoln's death Who was the first President to get impeached? - ✔✔Andrew Johnson was impeached, but the Senate acquitted Johnson by 1 vote, but Johnson did not seek re-election The election of what President marked the end of the Reconstruction Era? - ✔✔Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes (elected in 1876) What did Rutherford B. Hayes and other Republicans promise leading up to the election in 1876? - ✔✔Republicans promised to withdraw all federal troops from the south, allowing the only remaining Republican Reconstruction Govt's to collapse In 1877, President Hayes issued an order for the removal of the remaining federal soldier stationed in the south. How did the Republican's think this would help? - ✔✔The Republican's hoped this would be helpful in gaining influence in the south, but it did not, and the "solid south" would remain solidly Democratic What was the American Federation of Labor? - ✔✔It was a national labor union formed in 1886 and presided over by Samuel Gompers. It was a craft union that organized workers that were part of a specific craft. *Largest labor Union group in the first half of the 20th Century John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry - ✔✔(1859) John Brown led a raid on Harper's Ferry. He hoped to start a rebellion against slaveholders by arming enslaved African Americans. Brown was quickly defeated by citizens and federal troops. Brown became a villain to southerners who now thought northerners would use violence to end slavery as well as a martyr to some northerners who saw Brown as someone who sacrificed himself for the ideal of freedom for all.
