project Water pollution, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Environmental Engineering

Download project Water pollution and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Environmental Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

WATER RESOURCES

AND

WATER POLLUTION

PREPARED BY:BSEE-3 STUDENTS

ANJELICA R.LLAGONO

JAY N. RABUSA

REI MARK TANDAAN

WATER RESOURCES

A GRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE LOCATIONS OF WATER ON EARTH. ONLY

3% OF THE EARTH'S WATER IS FRESH WATER. MOST OF IT IS IN ICECAPS AND

GLACIERS (69%) AND GROUNDWATER (30%), WHILE ALL LAKES, RIVERS AND

SWAMPS COMBINED ONLY ACCOUNT FOR A SMALL FRACTION (0.3%) OF THE

EARTH'S TOTAL FRESHWATER RESERVES.

SIGNS OF POLLUTED WATER  BAD TASTE OF DRINKING WATER.  OFFENSIVE ODOURS FROM RIVER, LAKES & OCEANS.  DECREASE IN NO. OF FISH IN FRESH WATER AND SEA WATER.  OIL & GREASE FLOATING ON THE SURFACE.  UNCHECKED GROWTH OF AQUATIC WEEDS.

JUST BECAUSE YOU CAN’T SEE IT,IT DOESN’T MEAN IT ISN’T THERE.. Anung iniiyak iyak mo jan?wala namang problema eh.an drama mo!

EFFLUENTS AND SOLID WASTES FROM VARIOUS INDUSTRIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, INDISCRIMINATE USE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS, INDISCRIMINATE USE OF PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES, LEACHING OF SOILS, WASTES AND ROCKS ARE THE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION; OBJECTIONABLE LEVEL OF POLLUTION OF WATER DUE TO OILS AND OILY SUBSTANCES MAY BE FOUND MAINLY IN SURFACE WATERS NEAR THE INDUSTRIES USING HEAVY QUANTITIES OF LUBRICATING OILS, GREASES, AND LIQUID FUELS, OR REFINERIES, BIG OIL STORAGES, ETC.;

GROUND WATER MAY ALSO BE POLLUTED DUE TO SOAKING OF OIL IN THE GROUND OR BY INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL OF OIL SLUDGE; THE HEAVIEST POLLUTING SOURCE FOR SURFACE WATER IS SEWAGE FROM CITIES.

CATEGORIES OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCE

• Nonpoint source pollution (NPS)^ can be defined as pollution that comes from many miscellaneous or diffuse sources rather than from an identifiable, specific point; Nonpoint source pollution can originate from urban environments such as yards in neighborhoods or from agricultural production areas such as crop fields; Chemicals, waste products and soil that are carried by rain into streams or rivers become a part of NPS; Common examples are fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, spilled motor oil and wastes from pets, wildlife and livestock - Point source pollution (PS)

comes directly from a known source

like an industrial or sewage outfall

pipe; Point sources are typically

associated with manufacturing

processes; However, point sources

also include discharges from water

treatment plants and large animal

feeding operations;

,

3 TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

- SURFACE WATER POLLUTION INCLUDES POLLUTION OF RIVERS, LAKES AND OCEANS. A SUBSET OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION IS MARINE POLLUTION. MARINE POLLUTION - ONE COMMON PATH OF ENTRY BY CONTAMINANTS TO THE SEA ARE RIVERS. AN EXAMPLE IS DIRECTLY DISCHARGING SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE INTO THE OCEAN. POLLUTION SUCH AS THIS OCCURS PARTICULARLY IN DEVELOPING NATIONS. LARGE GYRES (VORTEXES) IN THE OCEANS TRAP FLOATING PLASTIC DEBRIS. PLASTIC DEBRIS CAN ABSORB TOXIC CHEMICALS FROM OCEAN POLLUTION, POTENTIALLY POISONING ANY CREATURE THAT EATS IT.[12]^ MANY OF THESE LONG-LASTING PIECES END UP IN THE STOMACHS OF MARINE BIRDS AND ANIMALS. THIS RESULTS IN OBSTRUCTION OF DIGESTIVE PATHWAYS, WHICH LEADS TO REDUCED APPETITE OR EVEN STARVATION. THERE ARE A VARIETY OF SECONDARY EFFECTS STEMMING NOT FROM THE ORIGINAL POLLUTANT, BUT A DERIVATIVE CONDITION. AN EXAMPLE IS SILT-BEARING SURFACE RUNOFF, WHICH CAN INHIBIT THE PENETRATION OF SUNLIGHT THROUGH THE WATER COLUMN, HAMPERING PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN AQUATIC PLANTS. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER ARE COMPLEX. CONSEQUENTLY, GROUNDWATER POLLUTION, ALSO REFERRED TO AS GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION, IS NOT AS EASILY CLASSIFIED AS SURFACE WATER POLLUTION.[13]^ BY ITS VERY NATURE, GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CONTAMINATION FROM SOURCES THAT MAY NOT DIRECTLY AFFECT SURFACE WATER BODIES. THE DISTINCTION OF POINT VS. NON-POINT SOURCE MAY BE IRRELEVANT.

5.RIVER DUMPING LOTS OF PEOPLE DUMP SUPERMARKET TROLLEYS, BICYCLES, GARDEN CUTTINGS AND ELECTRONIC WASTE INTO RIVERS OR RIVER BANKS. THIS IS ILLEGAL AND OFFENDERS MAY BE CHARGED FOR FLY-TIPPING IF CAUGHT. RIVER DUMPING NOT ONLY CAUSES WATER POLLUTION; IT ALSO HARMS WILDLIFE AND INCREASES THE RISK OF FLOODING. FLY-TIPPING (THIS INCLUDES RIVER DUMPING) IS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE. IN THE MOST SEVERE CASES, IT CAN ATTRACT A MAXIMUM FINE OF £50,000 OR A 5 YEAR JAIL TERM. 6.MARINE DUMPING THE WORLDWIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF) ESTIMATES THAT A STAGGERING AMOUNT OF WASTE ENTERS INTO THE SEA EVERY YEAR. PART OF THIS IS DUE TO DELIBERATE DUMPING OF WASTE INTO COASTAL WATERS. OTHER SOURCES OF WASTE AT SEA INCLUDE PLASTICS AND OTHER MATERIALS BLOWN OR WASHED FROM LAND.

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURE - USE OF WASTEWATER AND POLLUTED SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER WHICH CONTAMINATE CROPS AND TRANSMIT DISEASE TO CONSUMERS AND FARM WORKERS; DEPOSITIONS OF DELETERIOUS CHEMICALS IN SOIL LEADING TO LOSS OF SOIL FERTILITY. EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT/ECOSYSTEMS - PUNGENT SMELL, DECOLOURISATION; INCREASED TEMPS; CONTAMINATION; CHANGE THE PH; DECREASED OXYGEN; DETERGENTS THAT CREATE A MASS OF WHITE FOAM IN THE RIVER WATERS; ENRICHMENT OF GROUNDWATER WITH SALTS, NUTRIENTS FROM IRRIGATED LANDS; EUTROPHICATION/ALGAL BLOOMS- WHAT IS THE EFFECT ON RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, WATER TREATMENT PLANTS/WATER PROVIDERS; LOSS OF AESTHETIC VALUE; ALGAE CLOGS OUR WATERWAYS. DOMESTIC EFFECTS - TOXIC SUBSTANCES SUCH AS LEAD, MERCURY, CADMIUM, AND CHROMIUM OR CYANIDE, WHICH MAY AFFECT THE USE OF THE RECEIVING WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE OR FOR AQUATIC LIFE. EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY - BOILER SCALES, HEAVY METALS CAUSE UNPLEASANT TASTE AND ODOUR TO DRINKING WATER; SUSPENDED PARTICLES CAUSE UNPLEASANT TASTE & DISCOLORATION TO DRINKING WATER. AQUATIC ANIMAL HAVE FACED AN ESTIMATED EXTINCTION RATE FIVE TIMES MORE THAN THAT OF TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS

 DRINKING CONTAMINATED WATER

 EATING CONTAMINATED FOOD DEHYDRATION

 USE CLEAN WATER FOR DRINKING

 KEEP FLIES AWAY FROM FOOD

 AVOID UNPROTECTED WATER SOURCES 2 WATER WASHED (RESULTING FROM LACK OF

WATER OR IMPROPER USE OF WATER) SCABIES EYE INFECTIONS DIARRHEA

 NOT WASHING

 LACK OF ENOUGH WATER FOR WASHING ITCHY LASHES SORE EYES BLINDNESS FEVER FROM

LICE DISEASES

 INCREASE WATER AVAILABILITY FOR WASHING

 IMPROVE PERSONAL HYGIENE 3 WATER BASED (VECTOR LIVES IN WATER) BILHARZIAS

 WORMS FROM THE SNAILS ENTER THROUGH THE SKIN IN INFECTED WATER BLOOD IN STOOL

PAIN IN STOMACH

 REDUCE CONTACT WITH INFECTED SNAILS

 CONTROL SNAILS 4 INSECT VECTOR RELATED MALARIA RIVER BLINDNESS  MOSQUITOES

BITES

 SEMOLINA WORM FEVER ACHES BLINDNESS

 REMOVAL POTENTIAL LARVAE BREEDING SITES

 USE MOSQUITO NETTING

EFFECTS ON ANIMAL HEALTH - LARGE SCALE DEATH OF AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS; REDUCED REPRODUCTION RATE; INCREASED DISEASE INCIDENCES; IMBALANCES CREATED IN SECONDARY FOOD CHAINS; ACCUMULATION OF BIO ACCUMULATIVE AND NONBIODEGRADDABLE POLLUTANTS IN ANIMAL BODIES; BIOACCUMULATION EG. OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CAUSE HEALTH HAZARDS LIKE IMPOTENCE, CANCEROUS TUMOURS ETC. EFFECTS ON ECONOMY - UNSIGHTLY COLOUR, REDUCED CLARITY, AND OBNOXIOUS OUDOR OF THE RECEIVING WATERS ALSO MAKE IT UNFIT FOR RECREATION AND OTHER PRODUCTIVE USES. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION LEAD TO ECONOMIC LOSSES IN TERMS OF REDUCED HEALTH, REDUCED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND LOW-QUALITY TOURISM. THERE IS ALSO ECONOMIC LOSSES TO FAMILY INCOME DUE TO THE DESIRE FOR SAFE BOTTLED WATER WHICH IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN UNBOTTLED WATER. EROSION FROM DEGRADED UPLANDS AND POLLUTION FROM SILT AND SEDIMENTATION, AS WELL AS UNTREATED SEWERAGE, CAUSE PRODUCTIVITY LOSSES IN FISHERIES. SILT AND SEDIMENTATION ARE MAJOR CAUSES FOR LOSSES IN FISHERY PRODUCTION. HIGH LEVELS OF TURBIDITY LEADS TO ECONOMIC LOSSES.

CONCLUSION WATER IS A RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCE; DUE TO EVER INCREASING INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION, THIS PRECIOUS RESOURCE IS CONTINUOUSLY UNDER STRESS; THERE ARE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS TO WATER QUALITY AND ITS DETERIORATION; WATER POLLUTION IS RENDERING MUCH OF THE AVAILABLE WATER UNSAFE FOR CONSUMPTION; THE PRESSURE OF INCREASING POPULATION, LOSS OF FOREST COVER, UNTREATED EFFLUENT DISCHARGE FROM INDUSTRIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS INSTEAD OF ORGANIC MANURES, ETC.; ARE CAUSING WATER POLLUTION; MOREOVER, THERE ARE NUMEROUS WATER BORNE DISEASES LIKE CHOLERA, DIARRHEA, DYSENTERY ETC.; WHICH ARE TRANSMITTED BY DRINKING CONTAMINATED WATER; THERE ARE VARIOUS NEW WATER PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES WHICH HAVE COME UP TO PURIFY WATER; RESEARCH IS BEING CONDUCTED ALL OVER THE WORLD TO DEVELOP MORE AND MORE TECHNIQUES WHICH CAN GENERATE PURE WATER AT LOW COST; ALL THESE TECHNIQUES ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO ENSURE THAT IN NEAR FUTURE EVERYONE WILL HAVE ACCESS TO CLEAN AND PURE WATER AND THAT TOO AT AN AFFORDABLE COST.

REI MARK THANK YOU! JAY

ANJELICA