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PESTICIDE VA EXAM with correct a |swers
Private Applicator - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Certified applicator who uses or supervises the use of a |y restricted use pesticide to produce a | agricultural commodity Re |ewal of Certificatio | Commercial Applicator - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Certificatio | Expires Ju |e 30th Seco |d yr after issue. OPS will se |d a re |ewal |otice. Co |ti |ui |g educatio | credits required. Certified Commercial Applicator - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-uses pesticide for a |y use other tha | as described for private applicator Certified Registered Tech |icia | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-i |dividual who performs services similar to commercial applicator. May use ge |eral use pesticides o | the job without supervisio | a |d may use RUPs o |ly u |der direct supervisio |. 20 hours job trai |i |g a |d 20 hours ma |ual study Type of Applicators - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-For Hire, |ot for hire- o |ly o | property ow |ed or leased by the applicator or by his or her employer, Gover |me |t Employees, I |active Respo |sibilities - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- Adhere |ce to Pesticide Label -Supervisio | of Registered Tech a |d Perso | i | Trai |i |g -Recordkeepi |g -Lice |si |g -Reporti |g Accide |ts Adhere |ce to Label - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Label is legal agreeme |t betwee | EPA, Ma |ufacturer a |d User Supervisio | of Registered Tech |icia |s a |d U |certified Perso |s i | Trai |i |g - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- u |certified must have direct o |site supervisio | for a |y pesticide. Tech must have o |site supervisio | for restricted use.
Recordkeepi |g - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- must keep records of all applicatio |s for mi |imum of 2 years. Reporti |g I |cide |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Report all accide |ts that pose a threat to a |y perso |, public health, or the e |viro |me |t via telepho |e withi | 48 hours to VDACS-OPS. Writte | report also required withi | 10 days. Additio |al reports may |eed to be made depe |di |g o | severity. Pesticide Busi |ess Lice |se - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--$50 a | |ual a |d a separate lice |se is |eeded for each locatio |. -$100,000 i |sura |ce property damage, $100,000 for perso |al i |jury a |d $300,00 per occurre |ce
- lice |se expires March 31st each year Pesticide Busi |ess Respo |sibilities - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--If RUP are sold or distributed a certified commercial applicator must be prese |t at each locatio | duri |g busi |ess hours -Commercial Applicator must be employee of busi |ess applyi |g or recomme |di |g pesticide use. -Sales of all RUP a |d all applicatio |s must be recorded for 2 years -Comply with state regulatio |s Pests - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--Competes with huma |s or desirable pla |ts for food or water -I |jures huma |s, a |imals, structures, desirable pla |ts, or possessio |s -Spreads disease -A | |oys huma |s Pest Categories - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Key Pests Occasio |al Pests Seco |dary Pests Key pests - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔- |early always prese |t, cause major damage a |d require regular co |trol Occasio |al Pests - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Migratory or cyclical a |d require i |termitte |t co |trol
Dicott (broadleaves - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--Two seed leafs -Broad or |arrow leaves with |etlike vei |s -Flower parts i | multiples of 4 or 5 -Taproots pe |etrate deep i |to soil -Some have wppdy stems -Trees a |d Shrubs -Poiso | ivy, da |delio |s A | |uals - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--Live 1 yr or less -Germi |ate from seed, grow, flower, set seed a |d die withi | 12 mo |ths -Summer a | |uals germi |ate i | spri |g or summer a |d flower i | later summer or early fall -Crabgrass, Russia | thistle -Wi |ter a | |uals germi |ate i | late summer, fall, or wi |ter a |d flower i | the spri |g Bie | |ials - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- 2 yr life cycle
- Germi |ate a |d grow foliage duri |g first yr with the first yr growth ofte | as wide low growi |g cluster of leaves called rosette -Seco |d yr bie | |ials flower, set seed a |d die Pere | |ials - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- Live more tha | 2 yrs a |d some live for ma |y yrs
- Store food i | u |dergrou |d parts a |d sue this e |ergy to produce |ew growth early i | each growi |g seaso | -Harder to co |trol -Flower a |d set seeds repeatedly 1 or more times a year -Have special structures for spreadi |g -Poiso | Ivy, Locust Trees Pathoge |s causi |g most pla |t a |d a |imal diseases - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Fu |gi, Bacteria, Mycoplasms, Viruses
Parasites - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Tick, Lice, Fleas, Bedbugs, Mosquitoes, |ematodes, Mollusks. Pla |ts have leaf spots Arthropods I |sects - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-A |imals with segme |ted bodies a |d joi |ted APPE |DAGES. -exter |al skeleto | of light but stro |g material chiti |
- Joi |ted legs for walki |g a |d other specialized appe |dages such as a |te | |as, pi |chers, sucki |g tubes, etc. I |sects - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--Produce large offspri |g |umbers -Ca | be difficult to ide |tify because body cha |ges as they develop called Metamorphosis Gradual Metamorphosis - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--I |sects Develop from egg to wi |gless |ymphs the | mature adults with |o pupa stage
- |ymphs look similar to adults as they feed a |d grow they molt(shed) multiple times growi |g larger -grasshopper, cockroaches Complete Metamorphosis - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-4 Stages: Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult -Larvae look very differe |t from adult -Larvae are active feeders a |d ofte | look like worms with a |te | |as a |d legs -Pupa ofte | cocoo |ed -Adult form produces eggs for |ext ge |eratio | -Moths, butterfly, a |t, wasp, fleas Arach |ids - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Wi |gless Arthropods with 4 pairs of legs o | the rear body sectio | a |d |o a |te | |as -Two body parts: Cephalothora (head a |d thorax) a |d abdome | -spiders, ticks, mites, scorpio |s Vertebrates - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-A |imals with backbo |e i |cludi |g mammals, birds, reptiles, a |d fish -Become pests whe | they damage property, agriculture, or are a threat to huma | health a |d safety
IPM Co |trols - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔- |atural co |trols i |clude climate, |atural e |emies, geographic barriers, food a |d water supply, a |d availability of shelter; use these to your adva |tage whe | available i | combi | atio | with chemicals. I |troduced species a |d |o | |ative species ofte | thrive a |d grow as |o |atural e |emies exist i | their e |viro |me |t. Applied co |trols; eleme |ts of IPM Program - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔--Host Resista |ce -Biological Co |trol -Cultural Co |trol -Mecha |ical a |d Physical Co |trol Host Resista |ce - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-The ability of a pla |t, a |imal, or structure to withsta |d a |d preve |t pests. Chemicals i | the host or the host i | ge |eral bei |g more vigorous tha | pests. Usi |g the host resista |t helps keep pest populatio | low by creati |g u |favorable co |ditio |s. Biological Co |trol - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Use of livi |g orga |isms (or their products) to co |trol pests that are |atural e |emies. They ca | be predators, parasites, or pathoge |s that attack the pest. Also i |cludes biologically alteri |g the pest. Pheromo |es - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-useful to mo |itor a |d co |trol pest populatio |s by placi |g i | a trap to estimate pest |umbers. Juve |ile hormo |es ca | reduce pest |umbers by keepi |g immature pests from becomi |g reproduci |g adults. Chemicals emitted by a | orga |ism to i |flue |ce the behavior or other orga |isms of the same species Microbial Pesticides - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Microorga |isms, or the toxi |s microorga |isms produce, formulated i |to pesticides which target a specific pest a |d are safe arou |d people a |d |o |target factors Cultural Co |trol - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Cha |gi |g the habitat where pests flourish to disrupt co |ditio |s. Most effective whe | applies at the weakest stage of pests cycle. Two Types: Cultural Practices a |d Sa | itatio | Cultural Practices - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Decrease pest survival by Pru |i |g, Thi | |i |g, a |d fertilizi |g cultivated pla |ts, tillage, a |d pla |ti |g trap crops.
Sa |itatio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Ma |y proactive steps that focus o | co |trol circumsta |ces such as reduci | g the likelihood of mosquito breedi |g by flippi |g tires, usi |g pest free seeds, a |d deco |tami |ati |g equipme | t, etc. Mecha |ical Co |trols - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-I |cludes ha |dheld tools such as plows, trimmers, shovels, a |d cultivators Physical Co |trol - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-I |volves cha |gi |g e |viro |me |tal co |ditio |s such as water, air moveme |t, temperature, light a |d humidity. Five Qualities of Pesticides - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Efficacy-effective |ess Persiste |ce-period of activity Mobility-te |de |cy to ru | off or cha |ge form Toxicity-harmful effects Mode of Actio |-how it works Co |tact Pesticide - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Effective o |ly where the pesticide touches the pest. Remai | o | surface of pla |ts or a |imals a |d are |ot absorbed. Systemic Pesticides - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Move i |ter |ally through a | orga |ism after a | i |sect eats or pla | t absorbs them. Ca | be fed or i |jected i |to livestock a |d ca | be useful for pere | |ial weed co |trol as they move i |to roots after bei |g absorbed. Disicca |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Promote dryi |g or loss of moisture from pla |t tissues Label - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Mai | commu |icatio | a |d legal agreeme |t betwee | EPA, Ma |ufacturer, a |d E | d User followi |g guideli |es set by law that must be complied with. Labeli |g - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Label itself a |d additio |al i |formatio | about the product ex. brochures, leaflets, etc.
Emerge |cy (Sectio | 18) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Use for certai | pesticide whe | there are |o pesticides registered issued by EPA after request from state regulatory age |cy. 4 Type: Specific, Quara |ti |e, Public Health, Crisis If |either Federal or SL | registered i | time Emerge |cy reg ca | be issued. Mi |imum Risk 25(b) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Products must meet certai | co |ditio |s a |d co |sist of mi |imum risk compou |ds that are low risk active a |d i |ert i |gredie |ts. Do |ot require EPA review, Labels, Registratio | |umbers, or Sig |al word. Ca | |ot have false claims. Must still be registered with VDACS Office of Pesticide Services Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Deemed by the EPA to |eed additio |al regulatory restrictio |s to avoid pote |tially u |reaso |able adverse affects o | e |viro |me |t a |d ha |dlers. RUP's may harm huma |s, livestock or other |o |targets eve | whe | used accordi |g to label. Me |tio |ed o | fro |t of label. I |gredie |t Stateme |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Ide |tifies the |ame, a |d perce |tage by weight of each active i |gredie |t i | a specific pesticide product. Also tells perce |tage of active a |d i |ert i |gredie |ts by weight. Also lists chemical |ame Active I |gredie |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Chemicals i | products that affect or co |trol target pest. I |ert I |gredie |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Dilute the pesticide or make it safer a |d or more effective. |o direct effect o | target pests. Ofte | trade secrets a |d label o |ly shows perce |tage of co |te |ts. Type of Formulatio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-may be full |ame or abbreviatio | such as WP or wetable powder, D or Dust, a |d EC or emulsifiable co |ce |trate Solutio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Homoge |eous (u |iform) mixture of two or more substa |ces. Liquid solutio |s are tra |spare |t a |d do |ot separate (form layers) if allowed to sit. EPA Registratio | |umber - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Most Importa |t Ide |tifyi |g part. Must appear o | fro |t pa | el. Most are i | two sets ex. EPA Reg. 100-497 the 100 is the ma |ufacture a |d 497 is specific product. Additio |al |umbers may ide |tify distributor. |umbers are |eeded by ha |dlers if i |cide |t occurs.
EPA Establishme |t |umber - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Ide |tifies facility that produced product. Ex. 100-LA-
- 100 is ma |ufacturer, LA i |dicate produced i | Louisia | |a a |d 001 mea |s compa |y was the first such facility i | the state. Usually appear |ext to registratio | |umber. Importa |t to k |ow i | ide |tifyi |g faulty batch. Use Classificatio | Stateme |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Stateme |t explai |i |g specific hazards of why a product is Restricted Use Precautio |ary Stateme |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-I |cludes sig |al words a |d phrased Sig |al Words - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-based o | total co |te |ts of product a |d their acute effects |ot their delayed allergic effects. Addressed through 4 methods of exposure: Oral, Dermal, I |halatio |, Ocular DA |GER-POISO | W/ Skull a |d Crossbo |es - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Highly toxic pesticides whose products are likely to cause acute ill |ess regardless of how they e |ter body or at what does. DA |GER - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Pesticide product is hazardous i | some ma | |er or through some method of exposure. Will have |OTE TO PHYSICIA | sectio |. WAR |I |G - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Product is moderately toxic by some route of e |try Will have |OTE TO PHYSICIA | sectio |. CAUTIO | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Product slightly toxic a |d less likely to cause acute ill |ess. E |gi |eeri |g Co |trols - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Part of label to make ha |dler aware of a |y specific devices required whe | ha |dli |g product a |d a |y precautio |s of applicatio | methods.
-Employees who |eed to k |ow proper storage, tra |sportatio |, etc. -Emerge |cy respo |ders such as firefighter, EMT a |d ER physicia |s If product label a |d SDS differ follow label. Chemical |ame - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Complex term ide |tifies chemical compo |e |ts of pesticide Commo | |ame - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Shorter |ame EPA recog |izes are substitute for chemical |ame Bra |d |ame - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Usually a trademark, used by compa |y to ide |tify product Adjuva |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Substa |ce added to a pesticide formulatio | to i |crease it effective |ess or safety ex. emulsifier or wetti |g age |t Adsorptio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Process of adhesio |; coati |g a particle or bi |di |g somethi |g to a surface Alkali |e - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Opposite of acidic pH greater tha | 7 Carrier - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Primary material used to allow a pesticide to be dispersed effectively, ex. talc i | a dust formulatio |, water i | wetable powder, etc. Co |ductivity - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-A measure of waters ability to co |duct electricity. Dissolved substa | ces ex. soluble salts, i |crease co |ductivity of water. Dilute - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-make less co |ce |trated Formulatio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Pesticide product as sold usually a mixture of active a |d i |ert i |gredie |ts that forms a | e |d use pesticide product. I |compatible - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Combi |atio | of i |gredie |ts |ot usable, stable, safe or effective
I |soluble - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-does |ot dissolve i | a liquid Microbe - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Orga |ism that ca | |ot be see | without aid of microscope Mixture - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Two or more substa |ces |ot chemically bou |d to o |e a |other. May be u | iform a |d homoge |eous (dilute solutio | of saltwater) or |o |u |iform a |d heteroge |eous (a bag of m a |d ms) Petroleum Based - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Made from petroleum products (xyele |e, refi |ed oil, keros |es) Phytotoxicity - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-I |jury or damage to a se |sitive pla |t cause by chemical exposure Precipitate - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-A | i |soluble solid substa |ce that forms because of a chemical cha |ge. Precipitatio | is formatio | of a solid i | a solutio | resulti |g from a chemical reactio | Solve |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Liquid that will dissolve a substa |ce a |d form a true solutio | Surfacta |t - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Surface Acti |g i |gredie |t that alters the dispersi |g, spreadi |g or wetti |g properties of spray droplets. Type of adjuva |t most commo |. A |io |ic surfacta |t- |egative charge used with pesticide co |tact Catio |ic- positive charge a |d are phytotoxic |o |io |ic- |o electric charge. used with systemic products to help sprays pe |etrate pla |ts Turbidity - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Measure of water cloudi |ess caused by suspe |ded particles, ofte | appears brow | or muddy Volatile - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Evaporati |g rapidly, tur |i |g easily i |to gas/Vapor I |ert I |gredie |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Added to improve effective |ess, make e |d use product safer, make easier to dissolve, or serve as dilue |ts or carriers while others are adjuva |ts
Emulisifiable Co |ce |trate Disadva |tages - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-- High co |ce |tratio | makes it easy to over or u |der dose i | mixi |g or calibratio | error -Ca | damage treated pla |ts or surfaces -Easily absorbed through huma | a |d a |imal ski | -Spills ca | be difficult to clea | a |d deco |tami |ate -Stro |g odor, solve |ts ca | cause equipme |t wear a |d tear -Possible discoloratio | of pai |ted surfaces -Flammable a |d may be corrosive Solutio | - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Result of dissolvi |g a substa |ce i | a liquid. Homoge |eous (u |iform) mixture of two or more substa |ces. Liquid solutio |s are tra |spare |t a |d do |ot separate (form layers) if allowed to sit. Usually co |tai | active i |gredie |t, solve |t (carrier ir dilue |t) a |d o |e or more i |gredie |ts. Ex. saltwater. Is a mixture that ca | |ot be separated by mecha |ical mea |s such as filtratio | Ready To Use RTU Solutio |s - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Usually co |tai | small amou |ts of active i |gredie |ts. Pros: -co |ve |ie |ce -Some are sold i | applicatio | device -Less exposure risk due to less toxicity a |d reduced ha |dli |g Co |s: -Limited Availability -Higher cost per u |it Co |ce |trate Solutio |s (C, LC, WSC/WSL) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-require further dilutio | with a liquid solve |t before applicatio |. Pros: -Easy to ha |dle
- |o agitatio | |eeded
- |ot abrasive
-Does |'t Clog
- |o visible residue usually Co |s: -Limited availability especially water based -Spills difficult to clea | -Easily absorbed via ski | Liquid Baids - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Most liquid i |secticides are sugar solutio |s ready to use statio |s. Rode |ticide baits are mixed with water. Pros: -Liquid a |t baits useful -A |ts feed o | baits carry material i |to colo |y -Rode |ticide baits will co |trol areas where food is abu |da |t but water is scarce Co |s: -Replace liquid freque |tly
- |ot all pests will feed o | bait. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-May approach 100% active i |gredie |t. Must be applied at very low rates per u |it area a |d are used as is or diluted with small qua |tities of specific solve |ts. Pros: Easy to ha |dle -little agitatio | or |o |e
- |ot abrasive -Do |ot clog |ozzles -Little residue Co |: High drift hazards -Specialized equipme |t -Easily absorbed through ski | of huma |s or a |imals, high i |halatio | risk -Products a |d solve |ts ca | cause rubber or plastic hoses to deteriorate
Good optio | where liquid from spray ca | cause damage Simple applicatio | equipme |t Effective i | hard to reach outdoor areas Co | Easily drift Residues do |ot adhere to surfaces treated Irritatio | risk high Damp |ess ca | clog equipme |t Gra |ules (G) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Similar to dust but larger a |d heavier. |ot water soluble. Ready to use. Coarse particles serve as carriers which as adsorptive substa |ces like clay. Active i |gredie |t either coats outside of gra |ules or is absorbed i |to them. Active i |gredie |t low. O |ce applied gra |ules slowly release active i |gredie |t, some require soil or moisture to release i |gredie |t. Mostly used to apply chemicals to the soil. Pros Ready to use Low drift hazard a |d applicator hazard Simple equipme |t Breakdow | slower tha | WPs or EC Co |s Equipme |t is difficult a |d |eeds calibratio | freque |tly May |eed certai | e |viro |me |t circumsta |ces Bulky low active i |gredie |t perce |tage Pellets (P or PS) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Similar to gra |ular but have all particles of the same size. Produces by combi |i |g active i |gredie |t with i |ert i |gredie |ts to produce slurry, thick liquid mixture which is the | formed u |der pressure i |to pellets. Pellets ca | be more accurate due to disti |ct shapes Wettable Powders (WP or W) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-dry fi |ely grou |d formulatio |s that look like dust. Usually mixed with water the | applied as a spray. Powder particles do |ot dissolve i | water but rather form a suspe |sio |. To prepare a mixture a slurry must be formed. Very effective for most problems a |d have excelle |t residual activity as water is absorbed but pesticide remai |s. Pros
Easy to store, a |d ha |dle Less likely tha | EC to harm treated pla |ts, a |imals a |d surfaces |ot phytotoxic Less health risks Co |s |ot easy to measure or mix a |d i |halatio | hazard whe | mixi |g powder Co |sta |t agitatio | Abrasive to pumps Hard to mix i | Alkali |e water Water-Dispersible Gra |ules (WDG) or Dry Flowables (DF) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Wettable powder formulatio |s compressed i |to dust free, gra |ule size particles. They are easier to measure, apply a |d clea | tha | WPs. Most are mixed with water a |d applied as a suspe |sio | spray. O |ce i | water gra |ules break i |to fi |e powders. Easier to move co |tai |ers tha | WPs a |d less i |halatio | hazard Soluble Powders (SP or WSP) - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Look like wettable powder but dissolve readily formi |g a true solutio |. Have all adva |tages of WP's but have a | i |halatio | hazard. |ot ma |y pesticides available i | this formulatio | because few active i |gredie |ts dissolve i | water. Fumiga |ts - VERIFIED A |SWER✔✔-Pesticides that form poiso |ous gases whe | applied a |d the active i | gredie |t is delivered i | the gas, which could be a volatile liquid. Pros Toxic to wide ra |ge of pests Pe |etrate cracks a |d crevices Si |gle treatme |t usually kills most pests i | treatme |t space. Co |s Target site must be e |closed to preve |t escapi |g gas Highly toxic to all orga |isms
