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peds exam 2 Questions with complete
solution 2025
The nurse is providing education to the parents of a female toddler with hydrocephalus who has just had a shunt placed. Which statement is the best to make during a teaching session? - correct answers Tell me your concerns about your child's shunt. The nurse is educating parents of a male infant with Chiari type II malformation. Which statement about their child's condition is most accurate?
- correct answers "Take your time feeding your baby." Dexamethasone is often prescribed for the child who has sustained a severe head injury. Dexamethasone is a(n): - correct answers steroid A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible bacterial meningitis. Which sign would indicate irritation of the meninges? - correct answers Positive Kernig sign A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department after being in a motor vehicle accident. The child experienced head trauma in the accident. When assessing the child, which will be the first change noted in the presence of increasing intercranial pressure? - correct answers change in level of consciousness The young boy was involved in a motor vehicle accident and was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with changes in level of consciousness and a high-pitched cry. Which are late signs of increased intracranial pressure? Select all that apply. - correct answers The child's toes are pointed downward, his head and neck are arched backwards, and his arms and legs are extended.
The child's heart rate is 56 beats per minute. The child's pupils are fixed and dilated. A nurse is reviewing blood work for a child with a cyanotic heart defect. What result would most likely be seen in a client experiencing polycythemia? - correct answers increased RBC A nurse suspects a child is experiencing cardiac tamponade after heart surgery. What would be the priority nursing intervention? - correct answers Notify the doctor immediately. A mother is asking for more information about her infant's patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). What would be included in the education? - correct answers This is caused by an opening that usually closes by 1 week of age. The nurse is caring for a child with congestive heart failure and is administering the drug digoxin. At the beginning of this drug therapy, the process of digitalization is done for which reason? - correct answers To build the blood levels to a therapeutic level The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of children diagnosed with rheumatic fever. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is most accurate regarding the diagnosis of rheumatic fever? - correct answers "Children who have this diagnosis may have had strep throat." The nurse has administered oral penicillin as ordered for prophylaxis of endocarditis. The nurse instructs the parents to immediately report which reaction? - correct answers wheezing
A nurse is caring for an infant who just had open-heart surgery and the parents are asking why there are wires coming out of the infant's chest. What is the best response by the nurse? - correct answers These wires are connected to the heart and will detect if your infant's heart gets out of rhythm. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with a congenital heart defect. To best relieve a hypercyanotic spell, what action would be the priority? - correct answers Place the child in a knee-to-chest position. The pediatric nurse examines the radiographs of a client that indicate lesions on the bone. This finding is indicative of: - correct answers Ewing sarcoma The nurse is administering meperidine as ordered for pain management for a 10-year-old boy in sickle cell crisis. The nurse would be alert for: - correct answers seizures A preschooler who received chemotherapy in the pediatric oncology outpatient department 1 week ago now has a temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C). Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? - correct answers Have the parent bring the child to the pediatric oncology clinic as soon as possible. A nurse is preparing a 7-year-old girl for bone marrow aspiration. Which site should she prepare? - correct answers iliac crest the nurse is preparing to send a child with cancer for a radiation treatment. Which medication should the nurse provide to premedicate the child for this procedure? - correct answers antiemetic The blood cell becomes an erythrocyte. Rank the following steps in the proper order of occurrence. - correct answers The bone marrow releases a stem cell.
Thrombopoietin acts on the cell. The myeloid cell becomes a megakaryocyte. Erythropoietin helps the cell turn into a red blood cell. A child diagnosed with hemophilia presents with warm, swollen, painful joints. Which action will the nurse take first? - correct answers Prepare to administer factor replacement medication The nurse is explaining the procedure of bone marrow aspiration to a 6-year- old child with leukemia. What explanation would be best to give to the child? - correct answers "You may feel pressure on your hip during the procedure." The nurse explains to the teenager that which alterations may occur when steroids are added to the cancer therapy regimen? - correct answers facial changes What is one advantage of an implanted port (central venous access device) that the nurse will explain to an adolescent? - correct answers body appearance changes very little The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching provided to the parents of a school-age child prescribed liquid ferrous sulfate for iron-deficiency anemia. Which observations indicate that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply. - correct answers Parent places medication in orange juice. Child consumes fresh raw fruit and drinks water. Parent provides liquid-prepared medication to the child with a straw. Child goes to the bathroom to brush teeth immediately after taking the medication.
The nurse is taking the history of a 4-year-old boy. His mother mentions that he seems weaker and unable to keep up with his 6-year-old sister on the playground. Which question should the nurse ask to elicit the most helpful information? - correct answers "Would you please describe the weakness you are seeing in your son?" A nurse is caring for an infant with a meningocele. Which finding alerts the nurse that the lesion is increasing in size? - correct answers constipation and bladder dysfunction A nurse is caring for a 13-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He says he feels isolated and that there is no one who understands the challenges of his disease. How should the nurse respond? - correct answers "There are a lot of kids with the same type of muscular dystrophy you have at the MDA support group." The student nurse is developing a care plan for a child who suffered a fractured tibia and will have a cast on his lower leg for approximately 6 weeks. Which nursing diagnosis would be the priority for this client? - correct answers Impaired physical mobility related to a cast on the leg The nurse is discussing types of treatment used when working with children who have orthopedic disorders. Which form of treatment covers the lower part of the body, usually from the waist down, and either one or both legs while leaving the feet open? - correct answers spica cast The nurse is caring for a newborn with facial nerve palsy from birth trauma. The mother is very upset and concerned about the child's prognosis. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? - correct answers "In most cases treatment is not necessary, only observation."
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old girl in traction. The girl is experiencing muscle spasms associated with the traction. What would the nurse expect to administer if ordered? - correct answers diazepam The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old boy with a fracture of the humerus. His chart indicates "fracture is partially through the physis extending into the metaphysis." The nurse identifies this as which Salter-Harris classification? - correct answers type II The nurse is conducting a wellness examination of a 6-month-old child. The mother points out some dimpling and skin discoloration in the child's lumbosacral area. How should the nurse respond? - correct answers "This can be considered a normal variant with no indication of a problem; however, the doctor will want to take a closer look." Thrush treatment - correct answers Mycostatin 4 per day after feeding Telltale signs for pyloric stenosis - correct answers Projectile vomiting and olive mass in URQ Sign of intussusception? - correct answers Knees to chest, currant stools Volvus sign - correct answers Bilious vomit Celiac disease sign - correct answers Fatty stools A nurse taking a health history of a newborn notes that there is a maternal history of polyhydramnios. What GI condition might this history precipitate? - correct answers esophageal atresia
A child is diagnosed with intussusception. The nurse anticipates that what action would be attempted first to reduce this condition? - correct answers barium enema The nurse is collecting data on a 2-year-old child admitted with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. When interviewing the caregivers, which question is most important for the nurse to ask? - correct answers "Tell me about the types of stools your child has been having." The mother of a newborn with a cleft lip reports she is having a hard time looking her baby. What is the best action by the nurse? - correct answers Encourage the mother to provide care for her infant. A child presents with intermittent abdominal pain, severe anorexia, and diarrhea. The child's height and weight are significantly behind standards for age. There is skin breakdown in the anal region. The nurse explains that this presentation is consistent with which diagnosis? - correct answers Crohn disease A 3-year-old child has been brought to the clinic for assessment of chronic constipation. After ruling out an organic cause, what will the nurse prioritize in the child's plan of care? - correct answers administering over-the-counter stool softeners but for no longer than 1 week The nurse is providing education to the parents of a female toddler with hydrocephalus who has just had a shunt placed. Which statement is the best to make during a teaching session? - correct answers Tell me your concerns about your child's shunt.
A 9-year-old boy is suffering from headaches but has no signs of physical or neurologic illness. Which intervention would be most appropriate? - correct answers Teach the child and his parents to keep a headache diary. A nurse demonstrates understanding of the various levels of consciousness as they progress from most alert to least alert. Place the levels of consciousness in the order that reflects this progression. - correct answers Oriented to person, place, and time Disorientation Obtundation Stupor Coma An otherwise healthy 18-month-old child with a history of febrile seizures is in the well-child clinic. Which statement by the father would indicate to the nurse that additional teaching should be done? - correct answers "I always keep phenobarbital with me in case of a fever." The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old boy who is experiencing seizure activity. Which diagnostic test will determine the seizure area in the brain - correct answers video electroencephalogram The nurse has developed a nursing plan for the care of a 6-year-old girl with congenital hydrocephalus whose shunt has become infected. The most important discharge teaching point for this family is: - correct answers ensuring the parents know how to properly give antibiotics. Gabapentin has been prescribed for a pediatric client. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of teaching related to the medication? - correct answers "I can't take this medication within 2 hours of taking my antacid medication."
After teaching a group of students about neural tube disorders, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify this as a neural tube defect. - correct answers Arnold-Chiari malformation While caring for a child who will be undergoing a lumbar puncture, the nurse explains the procedure to the infant's mother. Which statement by the mother would indicate a need for further education? - correct answers "I will cradle her in my arms after the procedure for at least 30 minutes." The nurse is caring for a child who has suffered a febrile seizure. While speaking with the child's parents, which statement by a parent indicates a need for further education? - correct answers "I hate to think that I will need to be worried about my child having seizures for the rest of his life." The nurse has performed discharge teaching for parents of a child diagnosed with epilepsy. The child has been prescribed Zonegran (zonisamide). Which comments by the parents indicate the need for further discharge teaching regarding this medication? Select all that apply. - correct answers "This medication can make our child very sedated so we need to monitor for this side effect." "We need to watch our child's gums for swelling since this commonly happens with this medicine." "We may need to add B-complex vitamin supplementation to our child's medications because this can help mange side effects." A child with a congenital heart defect is getting an echocardiogram. How would the nurse describe this test to the parent? - correct answers This test will check how blood is flowing through the heart. A nurse suspects a child is experiencing cardiac tamponade after heart surgery. What would be the priority nursing intervention? - correct answers Notify the doctor immediately.
When reviewing the record of a child with tetralogy of Fallot, what would the nurse expect to discover? - correct answers polycythemia Coarctation of the aorta demonstrates few symptoms in newborns. What is an important assessment to make on all newborns to help reveal this condition? - correct answers Assessing for the presence of femoral pulses A 5-year-old is being prepared for diagnostic cardiac catheterization, in which the catheter will be inserted in the right femoral vein. What intervention should the nurse take to prevent infection? - correct answers Avoid drawing a blood specimen from the right femoral vein before the procedure The nurse in a pediatric cardiovascular clinic is talking with the father of a 5- year-old child who underwent cardiac surgery for a heart defect at the age of
- The father reports that the child has been having increased shortness of breath, tires easily after playing, and has been gaining weight. The nurse is aware that the child is most likely demonstrating symptoms of which acquired cardiovascular disorder? - correct answers heart failure The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with a congenital heart defect. To best relieve a hypercyanotic spell, what action would be the priority? - correct answers Place the child in a knee-to-chest position. When educating the family of an infant with a small, asymptomatic atrial septal defect (ASD), what information would be included in the education - correct answers "Most infants do not need surgical repair for this." Which nursing diagnosis would best apply to a child with rheumatic fever? - correct answers Activity intolerance related to inability of heart to sustain extra workload
Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? - correct answers Ineffective tissue perfusion related to poor platelet formation A child is to receive an oral corticosteroid as part of the treatment regimen for leukemia. After teaching the child and family about this drug, the nurse determines the need for additional teaching when they state: - correct answers "We should administer the drug on an empty stomach." Parents ask why their child just diagnosed with leukemia needs a "spinal tap." Which is the best response by the nurse? - correct answers "Checking the cerebrospinal fluid will reveal whether leukemic cells have entered the central nervous system." The nurse is evaluating the complete blood count of a 7-year-old child with a suspected hematological disorder. Which finding is associated with an elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV)? - correct answers macrocytic red blood cells (RBCs) When providing care for a child immediately after a bone marrow aspiration, which nursing action is priority? - correct answers Monitor the site dressing and vital signs. The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma at the asymptomatic stage. Which would the nurse identify as typically the first sign reported by the child? - correct answers painless, enlarged lymph node While assessing an adolescent, the nurse notes pallor and a beefy red tongue. Upon questioning, the adolescent reports eating a vegetarian diet to
help with weight loss. Which health care provider prescription will the nurse anticipate? - correct answers vitamin B12 injections A newborn is diagnosed with hypospadias and the parents want the newborn to be circumcised. What would be the best response by the nurse? - correct answers The foreskin is needed for repair. The caregiver of a child with a history of ear infections calls the nurse and reports that her son has just told her his urine "looks funny." He also has a headache, and his mother reports that his eyes are puffy. Although he had a fever 2 days ago, his temperature is now down to 100℉ (37.8℃). The nurse encourages the mother to have the child seen by the care provider because the nurse suspects the child may have: - correct answers acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old client diagnosed with acute renal failure. During assessment, the nurse notes: temperature 99.0°F (37.2°C), urine output less than 0.4 mL/kg/hr, blood pressure 130/88 mm Hg, periorbital edema, and respirations 28 breaths/minute. Which prescriptions will the nurse anticipate from the primary health care provider? Select all that apply. - correct answers furosemide dialysis serum electrolyte levels urinalysis labetalol A child is hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. Which measurement is best for the nurse to determine the child's edema? - correct answers weight, daily A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is prescribed for a child. What education should be provided to the parents? - correct answers The VCUG will rule out vesicoureteral reflux.
