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NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND BODY TEMP.
1st YR | ANAPHY
NUTRITION is the process by which food is
taken into and used by the body; it includes
digestion, absorption, transport, and
metabolism.
• The study of nutrition involves the study
of the food and drink requirements for
normal body function.
• Nutrients are the chemicals taken into
the body that provide energy and
building blocks for new molecules.
NUTRIENTS IS DIVIDED TO (6)
MAJOR CLASSES:
1. CARBOHYDRATES
2. LIPIDS
3. PROTEINS
4. VITAMINS
5. MINERALS
6. WATER
• A balanced diet consists of enough
nutrients in the correct proportions to
support normal body functions.
• Essential nutrients are nutrients that
must be ingested because the body
cannot manufacture them- or it CANNOT
manufacture them in adequate
amounts.
• The essential nutrients include certain
amino acids, fatty acids, most vitamins,
minerals, water, and some
carbohydrates.
CARBOHYDRATES
• Contain C, H, O
• H:O is a 2:1 ratio
Example: C6H12O6
• Include monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- MONOSACCHARIDES – simple sugar (1
sugar)
Example: glucose and fructose
- DISACCHARIDE – two (2) sugars
Examples: glucose + fructose = sucrose
glucose + galactose = lactose
- POLYSACCHARIDE – many sugars
Examples: starch, grain, vegetables,
glycogen
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
1. Simple – no nutritional value; cause
weight gain
Examples: candy and soft drinks
✓ Recommended amount: sparingly
2. Complex – fiber helps decrease colon
cancer and heart disease.
Examples: whole grains, pastas, rice,
bread.
✓ Recommended amount: at every meal
FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES
- Short-term energy storage
- Converted to glucose quickly
- Glucose is used to make ATP
(energy)
- Brain cells require glucose
LIPIDS
LIPIDS - totally or partially insoluble in
water.
• Include triglycerides, steroids,
phospholipids, and fat-soluble
vitamins.
• Triglycerides – most common type
of lipid in the diet, accounting for
about 95% of the total lipid intake.
• If the fat is a liquid at room
temperature, it is referred to as an
oil.
o Fats are saturated if they only
have single covalent bonds
between carbon atoms.
o Fats are unsaturated if they
have one or more double
bonds.
o Mono-unsaturated have one
double bond.
o Polyunsaturated have two or
more double bonds.
Saturated fats are found in meat, dairy,
products, eggs, nuts, coconut oil, and palm
oil.
Monounsaturated fats include olive and
peanut oils.
