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NSG 500 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 TEST
BANK AND STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS COMPLETE
REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED
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What is polysomnography?? Answer- sleep study to help diagnose any sleep-related disturbances such as OSA, narcolepsy, RLS, and sleep walking What is a TB skin test and how does it work? Answer- substance goes under skin to induce an immune reaction in 2 days if exposure occurred. An immune reaction is present when there is a wheal of <10 mm or >10 mm. Redness is not a reaction. What can make a TB test positive Answer- Exposure to TB or immunization to TB What is the sensitivity and specificity to the TB test?
Sensitivity - 59 - 100% Specificity - 95 - 00 0% It can rule an active TB infection OUT, but it cannot rule it IN. If negative, it is likely right. If positive, an X-ray must be done to determine if positive CTA chest looks for? Answer- vessels in the chest and locates damage, clots, and even tumors. Ordered to locate aneurysm or pulmonary embolism Risk factors for an aneurysm include: Answer- HTN, age, family history, smoking, atherosclerosis, male, tricuspid aortic valve, previous cardiac interventions Risk factors for PE include: Answer- exogenous estrogen or oral contraceptives, active cancer, bed rest, trauma, surgical intervention, fracture of the long bones, fracture of the hips or pelvis, history of blood clots, COVID- 19
signify impending death and requires hyperbaric oxygen chambers Where are vascular studies and cardiovascular studies done most commonly? Answer- Primary care How do you diagnose asymptomatic hypertension? Answer- If the reading is high, double check on the other side to confirm What tests are ordered for someone who is diagnosed with new onset hypertension? Answer- Complete risk stratification with a renal panel, HGB a1c, lipid panel, and urinalysis What is a lipid panel? Answer- LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol
What are good, bad, and terrible cholesterol levels? Answer- Good - < Bad - 200 - 239 Terrible - .> What are good, bad, and terrible LDL levels? Answer- Good - < Bad - 130 - 159 Terrible - .> What are good, bad, and terrible HDL levels? Good - > Bad - 40 - 49 Terrible - < What are good, bad, and terrible triglyceride levels?
What are EP studies Electrophysiology studies that have to do with cardiac function and can map rhythms. Procedures include ablation What is echocardiography? Echo tests the overall function of the heart. It can produce ejections fraction, abnormalities with motion, abnormalities with valves, estimation of filling pressures, evidence of deformities, and possible clot formation What is a trans esophageal echo? Echo of the throat what is a transthoracic echo? echo of the chest What are reasons the trans esophageal echo would be used?
obesity, excessive scarring, location of the clot formation, pneumothorax what can a trans esophageal echo find that a transthoracic echo can't? source of embolus, endocarditis, prosthetic valve dysfunction, and left atrial appendage thrombus in atrial fibrillation What can a no coronary percutaneous cardiac intervention complete? trans catheter valve repair, appendage closure, intramural hematoma, or dissection Gold standard for appendicitis ultrasound although CT is the most accurate Gold standard for diverticulosis CT abdomen with contrast - IV or PO
What is the normal RR to HR ratio? 1: How much should the lower border of the liver drop with deep breath? 2 - 3 cm Distance person is from chart is what a normal person can see at 20 feet 20/20 vision Abnormal breath sounds Crackles Rhonchi Wheezes Friction Rub Mediastinal crunch
What sound indicates COPD/Emphysema or restrictive lung disease? Decreased diaphragmatic excursion What are some abnormal findings of aging ears, nose and throat? Presbycusis Conductive hearing loss Abnormal findings of aging eyes Macular degeneration Decreased accommodation Cataracts d/t compressed fibers What is macular degeneration? Decreased central vision How do you detect macular degeneration?
Chine-Stokes What are absent bowel sounds? No sounds after 5 minutes of continuous listening What does absent bowel sounds mean? If it's associated with abdominal pain and rigidity, it's a surgical emergency. AFB Acid-fast bacilli test is a microbiology test that is run on sputum to test for mycobacterium tuberculosis Microbiology tests AFB, COVID, sputum C/S COVID/FLU are what type of cultures
PCR tests that are run in microbiology labs and obtained from sputum or nasopharyngeal collections What are examples of nuclear medicine tests anything that says "scan": is a nuclear test. Ex V/Q scan, PET scan What are the indications for a thoracentesis? Palliative or diagnostic. Indications include malignancy, fluid collection (pleural effusion), severe dyspnea, or diagnostic Where is a thoracentesis sent? Fluid is sent to the microbiology lab to be cultured and determine if it is exudative or transudate What will the thoracentesis culture be assessed for? WBC, glucose, LDH, bacteria, malignant cells, and protein
movement. Can also be used for risk stratification before surgery that requires invasive ventilation or to test the efficacy of bronchodilator medication How is a PFT performed? Patient forcefully exhales into a spirometer which measures forced vital capacity, forced expiratory capacity in 1 second, functional residual capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, residual volume, peak expiratory flow, vital capacity, residual volume, diffusion capacity to carbon dioxide, and total lung capacity. What may be said to the patient when performing a PFT Blow out the birthday candles as fast as you can with as much air as you can What does a normal ear look like? Uniform pink Hair on the outer 2/
Some cerumen No lesions No discharge No foreign bodies TM is translucent and pearly gray Landmarks visible Adult Otoscope Exam Pull auricle upward and back What are the landmarks of the ear? Umbo Handle of Malleus Light Reflex Concavity at umbo What is the relationship between AC and BC sound? Air-conducted should be 2x as long as bone-conducted.
Heard w/ bell at apex What is an Austin-Flint murmur? Severe aortic resurge murmur Where is an ejection click heard? In the second intercostal space What is an aortic stenosis murmur? Ejection sound at second right intercostal border. Where can an aortic stenosis murmur be heard? Over the aortic area How to you identify the aortic valve area? In the second right intercostal space at the right sternal border.
What special tests can help identify appendicitis? Rebound tenderness Roving’s sign Iliopsoas sign Obturator's sign Cutaneous hyperesthesia Markel test What do you inspect when examining nipples? Shape Color Texture Eversion Retraction/Deviation What should be the normal texture of areolas? Smooth except for contender Montgomery tubercles
