Kohlberg’s Moral
Development
Theory
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Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory
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Kohlberg’s Moral
Development
Theory
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
Quick Facts
Born : October 25, 1927 (Bronxville, New York)
(^) Died : January 17, 1987 (aged 59) (Boston, Massachussets)
(^) Subjects of Study:
A Jewish American Psychologist^ Child Development
WORDS TO REMEMBER
Moral is a lesson that is learn from
something
Morality principles concerning the
distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
The Heinz Dilemma
Question:Question:
Should Heinz have stolen the drug for his wife?^ Should Heinz have stolen the drug for his wife?
YES NO
Kohlberg did not care whether individuals say
“yes” or “no” but rather he cared about their
reasoning behind their answer.
Kohlberg did not care whether individuals say
“yes” or “no” but rather he cared about their
reasoning behind their answer.
Depending on their reasoning individual were
categorized one of levels/stages of moral
development.
Depending on their reasoning individual were
categorized one of levels/stages of moral
development.
Sub-stages of Moral Development
Level 1 Obedience and Punishment Orientation •
Instrumental Orientation •
Level 2 Good boy or Nice Girl Orientation •
Law and Order Orientation •
Level 3 Social Contract and Individual Rights •
Universal Principles •
How advance is your moral reasoning?
A. (^) B. C.
Heinz should steal the drugs and not go to prison as this is unfair.
Heinz should not steal the drugs, since he would be breaking the law.
Heinz should steal the drug and accept any prison sentence.
Choose one^ Choose one
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment OrientationStage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Children desire to obey rules and avoid being punished, if they are punished, it gives them signal that their act is morally wrong.
Children desire to obey rules and avoid being punished, if they are punished, it gives them signal that their act is morally wrong.
Example: A young girl or boy is on her/his best behaviour at the mall to avoid beaten up by his mother or father.
Example: A young girl or boy is on her/his best behaviour at the mall to avoid beaten up by his mother or father.
Stage 2: Instrumental OrientationStage 2: Instrumental Orientation
Children act like give and take strategy, In this stage, children take some incentives return to do work.
Children act like give and take strategy, In this stage, children take some incentives return to do work.
Example: A child studies hard knowing that his/her parents will give him/her a present if he/she pass the exam.
Example: A child studies hard knowing that his/her parents will give him/her a present if he/she pass the exam.
Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl OrientationStage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
People want to be praised and want to be seen as a good boy or nice girl by others. People want to attain good social status and recognition.
People want to be praised and want to be seen as a good boy or nice girl by others. People want to attain good social status and recognition.
Example: A child does not talk to his classmates during the test because his teacher doesn’t like it.
Example: A child does not talk to his classmates during the test because his teacher doesn’t like it.
Stage 4: Law and Order OrientationStage 4: Law and Order Orientation
People become aware of wider rules of society and follow the law to avoid guilt.
People become aware of wider rules of society and follow the law to avoid guilt.
Example: If you drink and drive, you are endangering the lives of others on the road, not just yourself.
Example: If you drink and drive, you are endangering the lives of others on the road, not just yourself.
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual RightStage 5: Social Contract and Individual Right
Some people think that rules are good for human beings but sometime they should disobeyed, depending on the situation and interest of an individual.
Some people think that rules are good for human beings but sometime they should disobeyed, depending on the situation and interest of an individual.
Example: People are protesting against abortion whether to legalize it or not.
Example: People are protesting against abortion whether to legalize it or not.
Stage 6: Universal PrinciplesStage 6: Universal Principles
People develop their own guidelines and these laws sometimes fit and sometimes do not fit with the law.
People develop their own guidelines and these laws sometimes fit and sometimes do not fit with the law.
Example: Some people refuse to obey a law which treats a large portion of the population as second class citizens.
Example: Some people refuse to obey a law which treats a large portion of the population as second class citizens.