Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Common Anomalies in Infants: Colic, Failure to Thrive, and Hydrocephalus, Summaries of Pediatrics

An in-depth analysis of common acquired and congenital anomalies in infants, focusing on Colic, Failure to Thrive, and Hydrocephalus. It covers causes, assessments, therapeutic management, and diagnostic evaluations for each condition. Parents and healthcare professionals can use this information to better understand these conditions and provide appropriate care.

Typology: Summaries

2013/2014

Uploaded on 11/25/2022

farmisa-mannan
farmisa-mannan 🇵🇭

2 documents

1 / 36

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
COMMON ACQUIRED
AND CONGENITAL
ANOMALIES
Elsie P. Miguel, RN MN
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24

Partial preview of the text

Download Common Anomalies in Infants: Colic, Failure to Thrive, and Hydrocephalus and more Summaries Pediatrics in PDF only on Docsity!

COMMON ACQUIRED

AND CONGENITAL

ANOMALIES

Elsie P. Miguel, RN MN

COLIC (PAROXYSMAL ABDOMINAL PAIN)

  • Characterized by paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping that is manifested by: o Loud crying and o Pulling/drawing legs up to the abdomen o Abdomen becomes tense o When offered a bottle – will suck vigorously, as if starved, then stops as another wave of intestinal pain occurs
  • Infants under 3 months

ASSESSMENT

  • Thorough history o Same with intestinal obstruction or infection
  • Investigation of possible organic causes: o Cow’s milk protein allergy
  • Ask about duration and frequency o Usually lasts up to 3 hours a day, @ least 3 days a week - Document frequency and type of BM o Constipation; narrow, ribbon-like stools; blood or mucus in the stool = suggest other problems - Determine feeding pattern o Bottle fed: type of formula; position o Breast fed: maternal diet – avoiding “gassy” foods

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

  • If sensitivity to cow’s milk is strongly suspected: o Trial substitution of another formula: casein hydrolysate or amino acid
  • Drugs: o Sedatives, antispasmodics, antihistamines, antiflatulents
  • Help parents understand infant’s crying behavior and modifying parent interventions to promptly attend to infant’s needs ↓
  • “Colic Carry”

FAILURE TO THRIVE (FTT)

  • A sign of inadequate growth resulting from

inability to obtain or use calories required for

growth

  • Weight (and sometimes height) that falls

below the 5th percentile for the child’s age

  • Persistent deviation from an established

growth curve – cause for concern

Weight (and sometimes height) that falls below the

5th percentile for the child’s age

OFTT

  • A newborn was admitted with features of desquamating skin lesions, loss of weight gain and failure to thrive.
  • The clinical photograph shows extensive weepy lesions throughout the body diagnostic of lamellar icthyosis. it is an autosomal recessive disorder.

FACTORS LEADING TO INADEQUATE FEEDING

  • Poverty
  • Health and childrearing beliefs
  • Inadequate nutritional knowledge
  • Family stress
  • Feeding resistance
  • Insufficient breast milk

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

  • Treatment directed @reversing malnutrition (regardless of the cause)
  • Goal: to provide sufficient calories to support “catch-up” growth o A rate of growth greater than the expected rate for age
  • NFTT = Multidisciplinary team o Physician, nurse, dietician, child-life specialist, and social worker or mental health professional

FEEDING THERAPY First Day of Feeding Therapy After 4 Weeks of Feeding Therapy

NURSING DIAGNOSIS (NFTT)

  • Altered nutrition: less than body requirements r/t: o Deprivation of necessities o Emotional deprivation
  • Altered growth and development r/t: o Socially restricted environment (infant deprivation) o Physical neglect
  • Altered parenting r/t: o Knowledge deficit, poverty

PHYSICAL AND

DEVELOPMENTAL

DISORDERS OF THE

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Elsie P. Miguel, RN MN

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCEPHALUS

  • If fluid can reach the spinal cord, the disorder is called o COMMUNICATING OR EXTRAVENTRICULAR H.
  • If there is block to such passage of fluid, the disorder is called o OBSTRUCTIVE OR INTRAVENTRICULAR
  • According to whether it occurs: o @ birth = CONGENITAL (cause unknown) o from an incident later in life = ACQUIRED

EXCESS IN CSF IN NB OCCURS FOR 1 IN 3 REASONS

  1. Choroid plexus’ ↑ed production of CSF
    • Occurs in the 1st or 2nd ventricle – from a growing tumor (rare)
  2. Obstruction of CSF in the narrow aqueduct of Sylvius (most common cause) - Other common sites of obstruction: - Foramina of Magendie and Luschka - Occurs because of infection (meningitis, encephalitis) may leave adhesions that may block fluid flow - Hemorrhage from trauma or growing tumor