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Laboratory reports in microbiology, evolutionary biology, and biomolecules, Lab Reports of Biology

University of Northern Philippines (UNP)Biology
Prof. Chris Paul Pagaoa

Laboratory reports in microbiology, evolutionary biology, and biomolecules

Typology: Lab Reports

2021/2022

Available from 07/11/2023

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Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
Tamag, Vigan Cit
2700 Ilocos Sur
BIO 114- EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
2nd Semester, SY 2022-2023
NAME: OLIEVE KARENTH P.
BARCESA
COURSE: BS BIOLOGY INSTRUCTOR
Laboratory 1
Objectives:
Describe the importance of coloration in avoiding predation. Relate
environmental change to changes in organisms. Explain how natural
selection causes populations to change.
Materials:
Sheet of white paper and newspaper✔
Forceps✔
Clock with second hand✔
30 newspaper circles 30 white circles (made with hole punch)✔
Purpose:
In this lab, you will simulate how predators locate prey in different
environments. You will analyze how color affects and organism's ability to
survive in certain environments.
Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population
in response to pollution. One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred
in populations of peppered moths in the area of Manchester, England from
1845 to 1890. Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the
forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of
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Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES Tamag, Vigan Cit 2700 Ilocos Sur BIO 114- EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2 nd^ Semester, SY 2022- NAME: OLIEVE KARENTH P. BARCESA COURSE : BS BIOLOGY INSTRUCTOR Laboratory 1 Objectives: Describe the importance of coloration in avoiding predation. Relate environmental change to changes in organisms. Explain how natural selection causes populations to change. Materials: ✔ Sheet of white paper and newspaper ✔ Forceps ✔ Clock with second hand ✔ 30 newspaper circles 30 white circles (made with hole punch) Purpose: In this lab, you will simulate how predators locate prey in different environments. You will analyze how color affects and organism's ability to survive in certain environments. Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population in response to pollution. One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred in populations of peppered moths in the area of Manchester, England from 1845 to 1890. Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of

lichens. Most of the peppered moths in the area were light colored with dark spots. As the industrial revolution progressed, the tree trunks became covered with soot and turned dark. Over a period of 45 years, the dark variety of the peppered moth became more common. Procedure:

  1. Place a sheet of white paper on the table and have one person spread 30 white circles and 30 newspaper circles over the surface while the other person isn't looking.
  2. The "predator" will then use forceps to pick up as many of the circles as he can in 15 seconds.
  3. The number that are left are doubled to represent the next generation
  4. This trial will be repeated with white circles on a newspaper background, newspaper circles on a white background, and newspaper circles on a newspaper background. Record the data in chart below. Populations Start on White Background Starting Population Final Populations (how many of the original were left) Generation Newspaper White Newspaper White Double these final numbers to get your starting population for the next generation

Populations Start on Newspaper Background Starting Population Final Populations (how many of the original were left)

  1. Explain in your own words what the graph shows. What type of environment do you think these moths live in? ● Over the 10 year period, the number of light moths decreased and the number of dark moths increased. These moths live in an area where the tree bark is dark. References: