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issa final exam 158 Questions with Answers latest 2025, Exams of Physiology

issa final exam 158 Questions with Answers latest 2025

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2024/2025

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issa final exam 158 Questions with
Answers latest 2025
the primary fuel during endurance exercise is
โœ” fatty acids
the human body consists of
โœ” chemicals, cells, tissues
Metabolism can be categorized in the following phases
โœ” catabolism & anabolism
BMR stands for
โœ” basal metabolic rate
A 30-minute jog would rely most heavily on which energy pathway?
โœ” oxidative
The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called
homeostasis.
โœ” true
About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous.
โœ” true
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
โœ” true
The heart, arteries and veins are part of the circulatory system.
โœ” true
The ATP/CP pathway is considered aerobic metabolism.
โœ” false
Non-oxidative glycolysis is reliable for:
โœ” Up to 2 minutes of ATP production
The primary fuel during endurance exercise is
โœ” muscle glycogen
The main purpose of hormones is to:
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issa final exam 158 Questions with

Answers latest 2025

the primary fuel during endurance exercise is โœ” fatty acids the human body consists of โœ” chemicals, cells, tissues Metabolism can be categorized in the following phases โœ” catabolism & anabolism BMR stands for โœ” basal metabolic rate A 30-minute jog would rely most heavily on which energy pathway? โœ” oxidative The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis. โœ” true About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous. โœ” true Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. โœ” true The heart, arteries and veins are part of the circulatory system. โœ” true The ATP/CP pathway is considered aerobic metabolism. โœ” false Non-oxidative glycolysis is reliable for: โœ” Up to 2 minutes of ATP production The primary fuel during endurance exercise is โœ” muscle glycogen The main purpose of hormones is to:

โœ” Alter the rate of synthesis of your cellular protein, Change the rate of enzyme activity, Change the rate of transport of nutrients through the cell wall The main purpose of the digestive system is โœ” the breakdown of foods and waste elimination. The main purpose of the respiratory system is: โœ” To supply oxygen to the body, To eliminate carbon dioxide in the body, To regulate the body's pH balance The average human adult skeleton has โœ” 206 bones There are 80 bones in the axial skeleton. โœ” true This type of joint permits a wide range of movement in ONE plane. โœ” hinge joints Tendons connect bone to bone. โœ” false Tendons: โœ” Are extensions of muscle fibers, Connect muscle to bone The points of muscle attachment are known as the โœ” insertion, origin The origin is the distal attachment of a muscle โœ” false These sense organs measure the strain in a muscle and can be used to pre-set the tension of muscles. โœ” Muscle spindles Myofibrils are constructed of overlapping strands of protein polymers called โœ” actin and myosin What is the byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism (glycolysis) in anaerobic muscle energetics? โœ” Lactic Acid Type I muscle fibers are aerobic. โœ” true

An antagonist muscle is one that has an action directly opposite to that of the agonist. โœ” true Muscular force is broken down into the components of: โœ” Magnitude, Direction, Application of force, Line of force Newton's third law of motion deals with force and its relationship to mass and acceleration. โœ” false A high development of the agonist-antagonist function is essential to the development of a well-aligned and balanced body. โœ” true The hamstrings muscles are a two-joint muscle that act at the knee and hip. โœ” true The angle of Q represents โœ” starting strength New trainees should _______ through the sticking point and ______ during the less strenuous portion of the lifts. โœ” exhale, inhale The purpose of the general warm up is to โœ” ncrease the functional potential of the body as a whole What should be considered when working on exercise machines? โœ” adjustability, ROM, and balance Strength is our ability to contract our muscles with maximum force given certain constraints. โœ” true The Valsalva Maneuver involves expiring against a closed glottis and when combined with contracting muscles of the abdomen and ribcage creates rigidity in the entire torso. โœ” true What is the basic grip used in weight training? โœ” Supinated, Pronated, Neutral A supinated grip would be palms down. โœ” false

What is/are the major factor that effects strength? โœ” Structural, Physiological, Psychoneural, Environmental A pronated grip would be palms up. โœ” false A neutral grip would be thumbs up. โœ” true The strength curve โœ” Relates to any exercise, Analyzes the components of strength production, Has seven factors Aerobic fitness is defined as the capacity to take in, transport and utilize what substance? โœ” oxygen Cross training means using several modes of training to develop a specific component of fitness. โœ” true Increased temperature helps to facilitate increases in ROM โœ” true Flexibility is the ability to flex, extend or circumduct the joints through their full intended range of motion. โœ” true This type of stretching facilitates an increase in muscle length through a maximum isometric contraction of the antagonist. โœ” CA stretching If your goal is to improve range of motion, stretch to the point โœ” Of mild or moderate discomfort The Golgi tendon organ (GTO), muscle spindle and Pacinian corpuscles make up the three primary: โœ” Inhibitory proprioceptors BMI stands for body mass index. โœ” true BMI is used to:

The leading hypotheses for delayed onset muscle soreness are โœ” the connective tissue damage hypothesis, the skeletal muscle damage hypothesis, the spasm hypothesis If your client can successfully complete two or more repetitions in the last set in two consecutive workouts for any given exercise the load should be ___________ depending on your client's current physical abilities. โœ” increased by two to ten percent Periodization refers to how a training program is broken down into discreet time periods called macrocycles, mesocycles and microcycles. โœ” true DOMS stands for delayed onset muscle soreness. โœ” true Maximum power will occur somewhere between 55% to 85% of 1RM. โœ” true The training zone is at what percentage of your MHR? โœ” 55% to 85% Muscular endurance can be assessed through: โœ” push up and sit up test Exercise intensity should be at what percentage of your VO2max? โœ” 55% to 85% Which method of determining exercise intensity correlates directly to 60% - 80% of your VO2max? โœ” Karvonen Method The ISSA recommends that the intensity level of exercise be 85% to 95% of VO2max. โœ” false This principle states that our bodies will physiologically adapt according to whether we are training aerobically or anaerobically โœ” The SAID Principle Good nutrition should be more theoretical and not based on outcomes. โœ” false Which of the following food(s) has the highest nutrient density?

โœ” spinach Which of the following is a common limiting factor when it comes to achieving fitness- related goals? โœ” a. genetics b. exercise c. mindset d. nutrition What is the best and most effective diet for nearly all individuals? โœ” none Which factor(s) should you take into account when deciding on a nutrition strategy? โœ” a. life demands b. work situation c. physical activity d. culture If a food is labeled "organic," it is always safe to assume that the food is healthy, nourishing, and not processed. โœ” false Which of the following represents a role that the liver plays in the body? โœ” synthesizes protein from amino acids ingested through food Glucose can be โœ” a. used for ATP production b. stored as muscle glycogen Which of the following is not a metabolic pathway involving carbohydrates? โœ” glyconolisthesis _________ is the summation of all things your body does both actively and passively to burn calories in a 24-hour period. โœ” a. metabolic rate b. total daily energy expenditure Which factor(s) affect(s) energy balance? โœ” a. food intake b. exercise activity c. genetic factors When caloric intake is lower than the amount needed to maintain normal function, RMR increases.

โœ” true Pregnant women should avoid exercising over ____________ minutes. โœ” 30 Sensible exercise can be a safe and productive undertaking for both a pregnant woman and her fetus. โœ” true Obesity and stress are confirmed risk factors for CHD. โœ” true Research has shown that the predominate contributing factor(s) to heart disease is: โœ” a. Too much saturated fat b. Too much alcohol c. Too much smoking d. Not enough exercise Individuals with arthritis should work out at least _____ times per day? โœ” 2 One of the basic seven major warning signals for arthritis is _________? โœ” none Arthritis refers to a disease that causes pain or stiffness in skeletal joints. โœ” true The body of a diabetic does not produce enough insulin or it cannot properly use the insulin it does make. โœ” true Hypertension is the medical condition of a chronically elevated level of arterial blood pressure. โœ” true Proper healthy life style behaviors and sensible exercise would โœ” a. prevent disease b. improve the quality of one?s life c. maximize physiological capacity Strength program for an older adult. โœ” Low to moderate intensity with high repetitions

How frequent should an older adult be trained in conjunction with a cardiovascular program? โœ” 2-3 times a week What is the guideline intensity level for an older adult? โœ” a. approximately 50 to 80% of estimated VO b. 60% to 75% of maximum heart rate c. RPE = somewhat hard The role of an exercise intervention for chronic conditions in adaptive fitness is to increase ______________ without exacerbating existing conditions. โœ” Functional fitness The goal of an adaptive fitness session for a client with a disability is improved ______, ______, and ______. โœ” Fitness, mobility, self-efficacy Neurological factors as opposed to hypertrophic factors are primarily responsible for strength gains in children. โœ” true Children are โœ” a. not miniature adults b. susceptible to heat exhaustion and heat stroke c. more susceptible to cold injury d. particularly vulnerable to Osgood Schlatter's disease How frequently should a youth workout? โœ” 2-3 times a week Individuals with hypertension should moderate their intake of _______. โœ” salt The recommended RPE range for individuals with hypertension would be ___ to ___. โœ” 10 to 13 Research has shown that the beneficial effect(s) of exercise for hypertensives: โœ” a. Lower blood pressure b. Normalize kidney function c. Decrease insulin secretion d. Increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Diabetes increases your likelihood of suffering from โœ” a. heart disease

RICE stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. โœ” true Heating pads or hot showers are best when followed with ________. โœ” ice Sports medicine is restricted only to the medical community. โœ” false To reduce inflammation, ice should be applied for at least ______ minutes. โœ” 15 Improper biomechanical motion between two vertebrae is best referred to as________. โœ” subluxation Sports medicine is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of athletic injuries as well as dealing with the enhancement of athletic performance. โœ” true What is cryotherapy? โœ” The application of cold to body tissues Normal oral temperature ranges between __________ degrees. โœ” 96.8 and 99. Sports medicine also involves athletic trainers, coaches and personal trainers. โœ” true If you try to strengthen the back or abdomen without becoming flexible first, you stand a chance of straining your back. โœ” true