Download ISSA CPT FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions with Answers latest 2025 and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
ISSA CPT FINAL EXAM STUDY
Questions with Answers latest 2025
What is the definition of behavior? โ An action that can be observed, measured, and modified. What stage of change is someone in if they are engaging in a new behavior and have been doing so for less than 6 months? โ Action What stage of change is someone in if they are in denial or ignorant to the fact that a change may be necessary? โ Pre-contemplation What type of motivation is driven by personal enjoyment and satisfaction? โ Intrinsic motivation Which physiological need in the self-determination theory (SDT) is described as the basic need to feel in control of one's own behavior and goals? โ Autonomy Which of the following is an open ended question? โ "How did you first notice that you were gaining weight?" What type of goal is focused on the necessary steps to achieve it? โ Process goal What does the A in SMART goals stand for? โ Achievable What type of goal is open to interpretation by the client as opposed to being supported by measurable data? โ A subjective goal When communicating with clients, what type of communication must be constructive and effective to improve competence? โ Feedback Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? โ Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal system Which classification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands?
โ Motor neurons What is the peripheral nervous system responsible for? โ Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS, and regulating involuntary functions. Where in the brain does most information processing occur? โ Cerebral cortex Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? โ Skeletal muscle Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? โ Type I muscle fibers Which of the following is included in the appendicular skeleton? โ Shoulder girdle Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? โ Long bones What does the golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? โ Changes in muscle tension The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of what type of ligament? โ Intrinsic ligaments The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organ system? โ Circulatory system Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? โ Smooth muscle Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? โ Arteries Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? โ Right atrium During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase of the heartbeat? โ Systole
โ Gastrocnemius What is the largest muscle of the chest? โ Pectoralis major Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? โ Mitochondria What two values are required to calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ)? โ Volume of carbon dioxide exhaled, and volume of oxygen inhaled. What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates? โ 1. Which energy pathway is dominant for activity generally lasting 10 seconds to 2 minutes? โ Anaerobic glycosis What is the primary byproduct of anaerobic glycosis? โ Lactic acid What is the point at which the body switches from metabolism requiring oxygen to primarily anaerobic metabolism called? โ Anaerobic threshold The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are steps in which energy pathway? โ Oxidative energy pathway How many calories per gram are in fat? โ 9 calories per gram The Harris-Benedict equation incorporates the resting metabolic rate and an activity level factor to determine what metabolic information? โ Daily calorie expenditure (DCE) What is the general recommendation for a daily calorie deficit for someone working to lose body fat? โ 200 to 500 calories What type of client assessments are based on observations and opinions? โ Subjective assessments What document should a personal trainer collect from a client to show they are ready to begin an exercise program and explain any restrictions or limitations they have?
โ Physicians letter of clearance What does body composition measure? โ Fat mass and lean body mass What is the average body fat percentage for males? โ 17-25% What type of muscular assessment is the push up test? โ Muscular endurance assessment From bottom to top, what are the 6 kinetic chain checkpoints? โ Foot and ankle, knee, hips, spine, shoulders, neck, and head. Which spinal deviation is characterized by the excessive curvature of the thoracic spine? โ Kyphosis What postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees excessively bow outward away from the midline? โ Knee varus During the overhead squat assessment, which of the following muscle is likely under active (weak) if the heels elevate? โ Tibialis anterior During the squat or overhead squat assessment, which of the following muscles are likely overactive (tight) if knee valgus occurs? โ Adductors Which of the five components of fitness is described as the physical makeup of the body considering fat mass and lean mass? โ Body composition Which of the following is a known benefit of improving muscular strength? โ Increases bone density What type of warmup is simple and aims to increase blood flow, respiration, body temperature, and neural activation of major muscle groups? โ General warmup Which element of a fitness program trains the body to be explosive, fast, and agile? โ Reactive training
โ Principle of variability What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? โ Exhaustion Resistance training is included in which category of training? โ Strength training What condition is the result of the accumulation of stress from both training and non training activities resulting in short term decreases in performance? โ Overreaching Which of the following is a known benefit of flexibility training? โ Decreased chronic pain What is dynamic stretching? โ Movement-based active stretching where muscles engage to bring about a stretch. In a flexibility training protocol which of the following should be executed after a training session? โ Static or pre-contraction stretching What type of inhibition do myofascial release techniques rely on to decrease the excitability of muscle tissue? โ Autogenic inhibition Which type of stretching should mirror the movements that will be performed in an upcoming activity? โ Dynamic stretching What term is defined as the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part? โ Range of motion Which of the following is an example of an active range of motion? โ A client moving their shoulder through flexion and extension. What type of stretching uses bouncing and the momentum of the body or limb to force it beyond a normal range of motion? โ Ballistic stretching What are the two most important acute training variables related to flexibility training? โ Intensity and time
In most cases how long should a static stretch be held? โ 10-30 seconds Which of the following is a known benefit of cardiorespiratory training? โ Improves sleep Which acute training variables are included in the FITT Principle as it relates to cardiorespiratory training? โ Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type What is a metabolic equivalent (MET)? โ The measure of the ratio of a person's energy expenditure to their mass during physical activity. According to the modified Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) chart, what intensity equates to maximum exertion during cardiorespiratory exercise? โ RPE 10 During cardiorespiratory training, how can speed be modified to increase training intensity? โ Increase speed What vital capacity reading is considered low and a potential symptom of a respiratory problem? โ Below 3,000 mL Which of the following activities has a MET value between 3.0 and 6.0? โ Brisk walk (3.5 to 4 mph) What does (1) MET equal to? โ A person's metabolic rate when at rest. What other cardiorespiratory efficiency measure can be estimated by the ventilatory threshold? โ Lactate threshold The formula 220 minus age is commonly used to estimate what cardiorespiratory information? โ Maximum heart rate Which strength category is defined as a combination of strength and speed? โ Power Strength training has been found to reduce which resting biological measure?
Which of the following exercises is categorized as a hinge movement? โ Deadlift Which movement category includes upper body exercises in which the arms themselves or the arms and a tool are moved away from the body โ Push What is the agonist at the shoulder during an upper body vertical pulling movement? โ Latissimus dorsi What type of exercises are often single joint movements that can promote muscular adaptations like strength and hypertrophy? โ Isolation exercises Which movement dysfunction occurs when a synergist muscle takes over a movement pattern when an agonist fails? โ Synergistic dominance According to the study of proxemics what is considered a personal distance between two people? โ 1.5-4 feet Which category of nutrients protect the body from free radicals and the cellular damage they cause? โ Antioxidants In which of the following ways can a certified personal trainer help a client with nutrition? โ Offer general nutrition guidance and recommendations. Which type of carbohydrate is broken down and converted to energy in the body the quickest? โ Simple carbohydrates Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate? โ Starchy vegetables Which type of fats have been found to increase an individuals risk for coronary artery disease when consumed in excess? โ Trans fat Which of the following foods has the highest number of grams of fat per 100 grams of food? โ Vegetable oil
Approximately what percentage of the average adults total body weight is water? โ 60% Which of the following is the recommended portion size for a serving of protein for a male? โ Two palms Which of the following is the recommended portion size for a serving of fats for a female? โ One thumb What are nutritional limiting factors? โ The nutritional choices a client makes that keep them from making progress or seeing results. Which of the following is an example of a performance supplement? โ Creatine monohydrate Which of the following animal based protein sources has the highest bioavailability in the human body? โ Whey protein isolate Which of the following is a good source of vitamin C? โ Brussels sprouts Which of the following is a food source of calcium? โ Dairy Which of the following is a function of sodium in the body? โ Fluid balance According to the World Health Organization, what is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies worldwide? โ Iron deficiency Which of the following is a food source of vitamin E? โ Peanuts Where in the digestive tract are amino acids absorbed? โ Small intestine When selecting a multivitamin what information should be considered? โ Sex and age
What type of exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in older adults? โ Resistance training For senior populations, what does the back scratch fitness assessment measure? โ Upper body flexibility What is the general physical activity recommendation for pregnant women assuming no medical conditions are present? โ 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and three days of strengthening exercise weekly. Which of the following is an absolute contradiction for a pregnant client? โ Premature labor Exercise programming for a pregnant client should focus on what fitness outcome(s)? โ Maintaining current health status Approximately what percentage of the world's population has a condition that disables them? โ 15% Which of the following is a physiological change that occurs in pregnant women that can affect how they exercise? โ Resting heart rate increases Which fitness assessment for senior populations measures the amount of time needed for an individual to stand up from a seated position and walk eight feet? โ Eight foot up and go Which style of personal training utilizes both in person and virtual training? โ Hybrid training Which style of personal training utilizes videos, live streaming, websites, and chat forums to deliver training content? โ Virtual training When utilizing emails emails to communicate with clients what is the ideal length of an email? โ 50 to 125 words In email marketing what is a strategic email?
โ An email that explains the trainer's mission, philosophies, and more about themselves. In email marketing what is an onboarding email? โ A series of emails that gather client information and assessments to begin a training program. Under the scope of practice for a personal trainer, which of the following may a certified personal trainer assist clients with? โ General nutrition guidance In marketing, what is the phrase "Sign up now!" an example of? โ Call to action When identifying a target market, what is the fictional person that represents a trainers preferred clientele known as? โ Client persona Which style of personal training is often choreographed? โ Group exercise Which style of personal training requires a fitness professional to consider camera quality, lighting, and the available exercise equipment? โ Virtual training According to the CDC what is the definition of disinfecting? โ Killing germs and viruses on surfaces with the use of chemicals. To receive a personal training certification, what additional certification is required? โ CPR and AED What type of injury develops slowly and is persistent? โ Chronic injury Which of the following is often included in a first aid kit? โ Adhesive bandages Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? โ An unconscious person What type of acute injury occurs in a muscle? โ Strain
