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Interpretation of Common Laboratory Values: ABGs, CBC, and Basic Metabolic Panel, Exams of Nursing

Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL)Nursing

Interpretation of Common Laboratory Values: ABGs, CBC, and Basic Metabolic Panel.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/15/2025

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Interpretation of Common Laboratory Values:
ABGs, CBC, and Basic Metabolic Panel
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
1. Normal pH range in ABG is:
o7.20 - 7.40
o[✓] 7.35 - 7.45
o7.45 - 7.55
o7.50 - 7.60
2. A pH of 7.30 indicates:
o[✓] Acidosis
oAlkalosis
oNormal
oCompensated
3. Normal PaCO2 range is:
o30-35 mmHg
o[✓] 35-45 mmHg
o45-55 mmHg
o50-60 mmHg
4. PaCO2 of 50 mmHg indicates:
oRespiratory alkalosis
o[✓] Respiratory acidosis
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Interpretation of Common Laboratory Values:

ABGs, CBC, and Basic Metabolic Panel

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

  1. Normal pH range in ABG is: o 7.20 - 7. o [✓] 7.35 - 7. o 7.45 - 7. o 7.50 - 7.
  2. A pH of 7.30 indicates: o [✓] Acidosis o Alkalosis o Normal o Compensated
  3. Normal PaCO2 range is: o 30-35 mmHg o [✓] 35-45 mmHg o 45-55 mmHg o 50-60 mmHg
  4. PaCO2 of 50 mmHg indicates: o Respiratory alkalosis o [✓] Respiratory acidosis

o Metabolic acidosis o Metabolic alkalosis

  1. Normal HCO3 (bicarbonate) range is: o 18-22 mEq/L o [✓] 22-26 mEq/L o 27-32 mEq/L o 15-20 mEq/L
  2. HCO3 of 30 mEq/L indicates: o [✓] Metabolic alkalosis o Metabolic acidosis o Respiratory acidosis o Respiratory alkalosis
  3. pH = 7.50, PaCO2 = 30 mmHg, HCO3 = 24 mEq/L indicates: o [✓] Respiratory alkalosis o Respiratory acidosis o Metabolic alkalosis o Metabolic acidosis
  4. If pH is low and HCO3 is low, it indicates: o Respiratory alkalosis o [✓] Metabolic acidosis o Metabolic alkalosis

o Base excess

  1. Base excess value of -5 indicates: o Metabolic alkalosis o [✓] Metabolic acidosis o Respiratory alkalosis o Respiratory acidosis
  2. A patient’s ABG shows pH 7.35, PaCO2 50, HCO3 30 — this indicates: o Uncompensated respiratory acidosis o Respiratory alkalosis o [✓] Compensated respiratory acidosis o Metabolic alkalosis
  3. Which ABG parameter is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients? o pH o HCO o [✓] PaCO o PaO Complete Blood Count (CBC)
  4. Normal hemoglobin (Hb) levels in adult males are: o 8-11 g/dL o 10-13 g/dL

o [✓] 13.5-17.5 g/dL o 18-21 g/dL

  1. Low hemoglobin indicates: o Polycythemia o [✓] Anemia o Infection o Leukocytosis
  2. Elevated hematocrit (Hct) indicates: o Anemia o [✓] Polycythemia o Leukemia o Inflammation
  3. A normal white blood cell (WBC) count is: o 1,000 - 3,000 /mm³ o 3,000 - 7,000 /mm³ o [✓] 4,500 - 11,000 /mm³ o 12,000 - 15,000 /mm³
  4. Leukocytosis means: o [✓] Elevated white blood cell count o Low WBC count o Normal WBC count
  1. Which CBC value indicates infection? o Low hemoglobin o [✓] Elevated WBC o Low platelets o Elevated RBC
  2. A low RBC count indicates: o [✓] Anemia o Leukocytosis o Polycythemia o Infection
  3. Elevated mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) suggests: o Iron deficiency anemia o Hypochromic anemia o [✓] Spherocytosis or hemolytic anemia o Dehydration
  4. What does a decreased platelet count predispose to? o [✓] Bleeding o Infection o Clotting o Anemia
  1. Normal red blood cell count (RBC) range for females is: o 3.0 - 3.8 million/mm³ o [✓] 4.2 - 5.4 million/mm³ o 5.5 - 6.5 million/mm³ o 6.0 - 7.0 million/mm³
  2. The CBC parameter most closely related to oxygen carrying capacity is: o WBC count o Platelet count o [✓] Hemoglobin o Hematocrit Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
  3. Normal serum sodium (Na+) range is: o 120-130 mEq/L o [✓] 135-145 mEq/L o 150-160 mEq/L o 125-140 mEq/L
  4. What does a serum potassium (K+) level of 6.0 mEq/L indicate? o Hypokalemia o [✓] Hyperkalemia o Normal level
  1. Hypercalcemia is indicated by serum calcium levels above: o 8.5 mg/dL o 9.0 mg/dL o [✓] 10.5 mg/dL o 12.0 mg/dL
  2. A patient with serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) below 22 mEq/L likely has: o Metabolic alkalosis o [✓] Metabolic acidosis o Respiratory alkalosis o Respiratory acidosis
  3. Elevated glucose in BMP suggests: o Hypoglycemia o Normal status o [✓] Hyperglycemia/diabetes o Metabolic alkalosis
  4. What is the normal range of serum magnesium? o 0.5 - 1.0 mEq/L o 1.0 - 2.0 mEq/L o [✓] 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L o 2.5 - 3.5 mEq/L
  1. Which BMP value is most affected by dehydration? o [✓] BUN o Glucose o Sodium o Chloride
  2. Elevated serum potassium can cause: o Bradycardia only o [✓] Dangerous cardiac arrhythmias o Increased urine output o Muscle spasms
  3. Low bicarbonate and low pH on ABG and BMP indicate: o [✓] Metabolic acidosis o Metabolic alkalosis o Respiratory acidosis o Respiratory alkalosis
  4. Hemoglobin of 8 g/dL suggests: o [✓] Anemia o Polycythemia o Normal o Leukocytosis
  5. Elevated WBC count with a left shift indicates:

o Leukopenia o [✓] Dehydration or polycythemia o Infection

  1. Which of the following is an early sign of hypoxia in ABG? o High PaCO o Low HCO o [✓] Low PaO o High base excess