Integrative approach, Study notes of Abnormal Psychology

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P S Y C H 11 0 A B N O R M A L P S Y C H O L O G Y

AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

TOPIC 2

Linear: attempts

to trace the

origins of

behavior to a

single cause

Considers the

interaction of all

relevant

dimensions (eg.

nature vs

nurture)

One-dimensional Multi-dimensional

Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology

Genes

Although all cells contain our entire genetic structure, only a small proportion of the genes in any one cell are “turned on” or expressed. Environmental factors, in the form of social and cultural influences, can determine whether genes are “turned on” (eg. absence of maternal behavior in rats) Gene expression and gene-environment interaction

Diathesis-stress model Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress.

Gene-environment correlation model Individuals may have a genetic endowment to increase the probability that they will experience stressful life events and therefore trigger a vulnerability

Behavioral and Cognitive Science Conditioning Social learning Prepared learning Basic emotions of fear, anger, sadness or distress, and excitement may contribute to many psychological disorders and may even define them. Emotions and mood also affect our cognitive processes: if your mood is positive, then your associations, interpretations, and impressions also tend to be positive

Cultural, Social and Interpersonal Factors

• Cultural factors influence the form and content of psychopathology and

may differ even among cultures side by side in the same country.

• Gender role as a social and cultural factor that influences the form and

content of a disorder.

• Many major psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia and major

depressive disorder, seem to occur in all cultures, but they may look

different from one culture to another because individual symptoms are

strongly influenced by social and interpersonal context.

• Lifespan development: principle of equifinality