Cabanilla, Rose R. Instructor: Mr. Samuel Abaigar
BSOA 2-B Humanities 2
Reflection No. 3
14 January 2018
An inference is an idea or conclusion that's drawn from evidence and
reasoning. An inference is an educated guess. When you make an inference, you're
reading between the lines or just looking carefully at the facts and coming to
conclusions. You can also make faulty inferences. If you hear a person's weight is
250 pounds, you might make the inference that they're overweight. I give one
example; it is your five year anniversary of dating your boyfriend. He has brought
you to a fancy restaurant and, after dessert, gets down on one knee. You infer that
he is about to propose. Note in these situation; you might have arrived at the wrong
conclusion. Your boyfriend might be tying his shoe. The ability to derive meaning
from ambiguous situations is part of what makes us capable of high-level
functioning and thinking.
There are two types inference and those are eduction and opposition. And
inference can be mediate or immediate. A mediate an inference which requires a
mediating proposition. Deductive inference may be further classified as Immediate
Inference and Mediate Inference. In immediate inference there is one and only one
premise and from this sole premise conclusion is drawn. The square of opposition
expresses the relationships between the four standard forms of categorical
propositions. These are relationships of compatibility or incompatibility. However,
there are also relationships of logical equivalence among categorical propositions. If
two propositions are related in such a way that the truth of one implies the truth of
the other, they are equivalent from a logical standpoint. In the traditional analysis of
categorical reasoning, three particular operations were identified.
An eduction it means that the formulation of a new proposition by the
interchange of the subject and the predicate of an original proposition and/or by the
use or removal of negatives. So, there are four kind of formal eduction conversion,
obversion, contraposition, inversion. Conversion is the formulation of a new proposition
by interchanging the subject and predicate of an original proposition but leaving its quality
unchanged. An obversion the quality of the proposition is changed from affirmative to
negative or vice versa. Thus the obverse of “Every man is mortal” is “No man is immortal.”
Because the obverse of any categorical proposition is logically equivalent to it, obversion is
a form of immediate inference. The contraposotion produced by the fact that some
propositions imply the proposition that results from the original proposition when both of its
term variables are negated and their order reversed. Inversion the action of inverting
something or the state of being inverted the process or result of changing or reversing the
relative positions of the notes of a musical interval.
ROSE R. CABANILLA