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Question & Answers 2025
human developmemt - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the llifespan theory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior continuous development - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin with discontinuous development - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a process in which new and different ways of interpreting and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods stages - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specifice periods of development contexts - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of change.
Question & Answers 2025
nature-nurture controversy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inborn biological givens vs. complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth life expectancy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. lifespan perspective - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) development as lifelong (2) development as multidimensional and multidirectional (3) development as highly plastic (4) development as embedded in multiple contexts age-graded influences - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in whwen they occur and how long they last history-graded influences - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔forces unique to a particular historic era that explain why people born around the same
Question & Answers 2025
Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔natural selection and survival of the fittest normative approach - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔measures of behaviour are taken on large numbers of individuals, age-related averages are computed to represent typical development Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔first successful intelligence test (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale) Freud - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application of psychoanalysis to child therapy. id - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔largest portion of the mind; basic biological needs and desires ego - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔conscious, rational part ofo personality; emerges in early infancy, ensures that the id is redirected property superego - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔conscience; develops from interaction with parents
Question & Answers 2025
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1896-1980; swiss developmental psychologist who proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental operations ethology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔concerned with adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history sensitive period - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a time that is optimal for certain capacities to emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environment influences ecological systems theory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔views the person as developing with a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment microsystem - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔innermost level of the environment which consists of activities and interaction patterns in the person's immediate surroundings
Question & Answers 2025
structured interview - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Selection technique that involves asking all applicants the same questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers. clinical/case study method - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔brings together a wide range of information on one person, including interviews, observations, and sometimes test scores ethnography - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔directed toward understanding a culture or a distinct social group, achieving its goals through participant observation correlational design - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔researchers gather information on already-existing groups of individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences longitudinal design - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔group of participants studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as the participants mature cohort effects - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔individuals born in the same period are influenced by a particular set of historical and cultural conditions
Question & Answers 2025
cross-sectional design - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time longitudinal-sequential design - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a sequence of samples are followed for a number of years codominance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a pattern of inheritance in which both genes influence the person's characteristics genetic imprinting - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genes are chemically marked in such a way that one member of the pair is activated, regardless of its makeup sub-culture - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔groups of people with beliefs and customs that differ from those of the larger culture collectivist societies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔people define themselves as part of a group and stress group goals over individual goals
Question & Answers 2025
genetic-environmental correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed niche-picking - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the tendency to actively choose and environment that complements our heredity epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment marasmus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔wasted condition of the body caused by diet low in nutrients kwashiorkor - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unbalanced diet very low in protein habituation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation mental strategies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔to operate on and transform information, increasing the chances that we will retain
Question & Answers 2025
information, use it effectively and think flexibly, adapting the information to changing circumstances sensory register - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly working/short-term memory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔where we actively work on a limited amount of information, applying mental strategies central execute - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔directs the flow of information long-term memory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔permanent knowledge base recall - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔remembering something in the absence of perceptual support social smile - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a smile evoked by a human face, normally evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth
Question & Answers 2025
conservation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the understanding that the physical properties of an object or substance do not change when appearances change but nothing is added or taken away ex:they know that a string of beads do not have more than a string where the beads are not spread out. centration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔centered understanding; focusing on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features irreversability - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an inability to mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction , returning to the starting point hierarchial classification - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences private speech - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔self-directed speech (once called egocentric speech) scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance
Question & Answers 2025
memory strategies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔deliberate mental activities that improve our chances of remembering scripts - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔general descriptions of what occurs and when it occurs in a particular situation metacognition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔thinking about thought ordinality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔order relationships between quantities cardinality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the last number in a counting sequence perspective talking - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling distributive justice - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔beliefs about how to divide material goods fairly
Question & Answers 2025
anorexia nervosa - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a tragic eating disturbance in which young people starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat bulimia nervosa - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔eating disorder in which young people engage in strict dieting and excessive exercise accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberate vomiting and purging with laxatives imaginary audience - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔adolescents' belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern personal fable - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔development of an inflated opinion of self importance heteronomous morality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rules handed down by authority have a permanent existence, as unchangeable, and as requiring strict obedience
Question & Answers 2025
autonomous morality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔no longer viewing rules as fixed but seeing them as socially agreed on principles that can be revised when there is a need to do so gender intensification - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior, and movement toward a more traditional gender identity cliques - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔small groups of about five to seven members who are good friends and, therefore, resemble one another in family background, attitudes, and values crowd - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔several cliques with similar values forming a loosely organized group cross-linkage theory of aging - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔loss of elasticity in the body's connective tissue basal metabolic rate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the amount of energy the body uses at complete rest
Question & Answers 2025
possible selves - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔future-oriented representations of what one hopes to become and what one is afraid of becoming parental imperative theory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔identification with traditional gender roles is maintained during the active parenting years to help ensure the survival of children "big five" personality traits - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔neuroticism, extroversion, openess to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness feminization of poverty - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a trend in which women who support themselves or their families become the majority of the adult poverty population, regardless of age and ethnic group kin-keeper - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔gathering the family for the celebrations and making sure everyone stays in touch functional age - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔actual competence and performance
Question & Answers 2025
young-old elderly - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔appear physically young for their advanced years old-old elderly - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔appear frail and show signs of decline active lifespan - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the number of years of vigorous, healthy life an individual born in a particular year can expect maximum lifespan - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the genetic limit to length of life for a person free of external risk factors implicit memory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔memory without conscious awareness remote memory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔very long-term recall prospective memory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refers to remembering to engage in planned actions in the future
