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Definitions of various blood disorders, their genetic causes, and the associated risks. Topics include anemias, platelet disorders, and white blood cell disorders, as well as specific conditions like hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. The document also includes statistics on prevalence and incidence.
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DEFINITION 1 What are blood disorders? Haematologic Conditions are conditions that affect platelets, red blood cells, or white blood cells (leukocytes) You can get them pathologically or genetically Disorder: A derangement or abnormality of functionDisease: A definite pathological process having a characteristic of set signs and symptoms Most common type of blood disorder are anemias, but others include infections, cancers or hemorrhaging conditions. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 What makes it genetic? It means it is inherited in a hereditary manner Hereditary means genes are passed through generation to generation It originally occurs through mutations in the genetic make up of the parent, through cell division a lot of the time. If a parent carries the gene for a disorder in their genome they will pass the carrier gene down to their child or even in slimmer chances the child won't have the disorder at all, or will have it entirely; as shown in the diagram. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Risks of blood disorders Red blood cells: Red blood cells carry hemoglobin and if there is a problem with the red blood cells your body will be oxygen deficient which can create: Fatigue Muscle Weakness Racing Heartbeat Shortness of breath More severe symptoms may be included based on the severity. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 Risks of blood disorders Platelets: Platelets help blood clotting of cuts internally or externally which allows us to heal the wound effectively When there's something wrong with the platelets it can prevent the blood from clotting, or create too much of a clot which makes it get stuck in smaller blood vessels: Cuts or sores that don't heal fast, and cause too much pain Easily bruised skin Unexplained bleeding from gums or nose TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Risks of blood disorders White blood cells (leukocytes): White blood cells help fight off unwanted viruses and/or bacteria that enter the body If you have an autoimmune condition that creates too many of these they'll start attacking your own cells which can result in more illnesses, and lack of bodily functions. Fatigue Unexplained weight loss Malaise (unexplained unwellness)
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DEFINITION 6 Hemophilia Genetic blood disorder where blood doesn't clot properly Normally bleed for longer times than normal people Extreme bruising or internal bleeding problems like joint bleeding which is very common No cure for this yet, but people are experimenting with gene therapy right now More common in males because it's carried by an X chromosome so girls would need both of the first Xs from the mother and father to have the gene to be able to get it TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Sickle Cell Anemia Form of anemia where blood can't carry oxygen properly just because of misshaped red blood cells Rather than them being flexible and curved, they're sharp and rigid. This shape slows down blood flow just because the cells may get stuck in smaller vessels which can also cause blockage resulting in a clot No cure, but researchers are experimenting in gene therapy More common in African American people TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Statistics National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Most common type of blood disorder is anemia Approximately 3 million americans are affected by anemia 100,000 of those people being sickle cell patients 1 in 13 African American babies have the trait 1 in 365 Black child is born with sickle cell anemia TERM 9
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