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Statistical Sampling Techniques and Data Analysis, Exams of Mathematics

Brunel University LondonMathematics

An in-depth analysis of various statistical sampling techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications in data analysis. Topics covered include population and census, sample, simple random sample, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, quota sampling, and opportunity sampling. The document also discusses quantitative and qualitative variables, continuous and discrete variables, and data cleaning methods.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/07/2024

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Excel AS Level Math’s Statistics exam
test with the best marking scheme
1. Population Correct Answers The whole set of items that are of
interest
2. Census Correct Answers Observes or measures every member of a
population
3. Advantages of a census Correct Answers It should give a
completely accurate result
4. Disadvantage of a census Correct Answers Time consuming and
expensive
5. Hard to process large quantity of data
6. Sample Correct Answers A selection of observations taken from a
subset of the population which is used to find out information about
the population as a whole
7. Advantages of a sample Correct Answers Less time consuming
8. Fewer people have to respond
9. Less data than a census
10. Disadvantage of a sample Correct Answers The data may not
be as accurate
11. The data may not be large enough toggle information about the
population
12. Sampling Units Correct Answers Individual units of a
population
13. Sampling Frame Correct Answers A list of individually named
or numbered sampling units
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Excel AS Level Math’s Statistics exam

test with the best marking scheme

  1. Population Correct Answers The whole set of items that are of interest
  2. Census Correct Answers Observes or measures every member of a population
  3. Advantages of a census Correct Answers It should give a completely accurate result
  4. Disadvantage of a census Correct Answers Time consuming and expensive
  5. Hard to process large quantity of data
  6. Sample Correct Answers A selection of observations taken from a subset of the population which is used to find out information about the population as a whole
  7. Advantages of a sample Correct Answers Less time consuming
  8. Fewer people have to respond
  9. Less data than a census
  10. Disadvantage of a sample Correct Answers The data may not be as accurate
  11. The data may not be large enough toggle information about the population
  12. Sampling Units Correct Answers Individual units of a population
  13. Sampling Frame Correct Answers A list of individually named or numbered sampling units
  1. Simple Random Sample Correct Answers A sample where every sampling unit has an equal chance of being chosen
  2. Advantages of Simple Random Sample Correct Answers Free of bias
  3. Easy and cheap to implement
  4. Each sampling unit has equal chance of selection
  5. Disadvantage of Simple Random Sample Correct Answers A sampling frame is needed
  6. Not suitable when the population size is very big
  7. Systematic Sampling Correct Answers A method of sampling where the required elements are chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list
  8. Advantages of Systematic Sampling Correct Answers Simple and quick to use
  9. Suitable for large samples
  10. Disadvantages of Systematic Sampling Correct Answers A sampling frame is needed
  11. It can introduce bias if sampling frame is not random
  12. Disadvantages of Stratified Sampling Correct Answers Sample accuracy reflects the population structure
  13. guarantees proportional representation of groups within a population
  14. Advantages of Stratified Sampling Correct Answers Population must clearly classified into distinct strata
  15. Stratified Sampling Correct Answers A method of sampling where the population is divided into mutually exclusive strata and a random sample is taken from each
  16. Stratum equation Correct Answers (Number in stratum/number in population)* overall sample size
  1. Class Boundaries Correct Answers The maximum and minimum values that belong in each class
  2. Midpoint Correct Answers The average of the class boundaries
  3. Class Width Correct Answers The difference between the upper and lower class boundaries
  4. Interpercentile range Correct Answers The difference between the values for 2 given percentiles.
  5. Cleaning the data Correct Answers the process of removing anomalies from a data set.
  6. bivariate data Correct Answers Data which has pairs of values for two variables
  7. Correlation Correct Answers A measure of the linear relationship between two variables
  8. regression line Correct Answers a line of best fit, y = abs
  9. mutually exclusive events Correct Answers events that have no sample points in common , P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
  10. independent events Correct Answers The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event , P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)
  11. tree diagram Correct Answers A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes
  12. Probability distribution Correct Answers Describes the probability of any outcome in the sample space.
  13. binomial distribution Correct Answers When there are a fixed number of trials
  14. There are 2 possible outcomes (success or failure)
  1. There is a fixed probability of success
  2. The trials are independent of each other
  3. the null hypothesis Correct Answers The hypothesis you assume to be correct
  4. alternative hypothesis Correct Answers Tells us about the parameter if your assumption is wrong
  5. critical region Correct Answers the area in the tails of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis can be rejected
  6. mutually exclusive Correct Answers Events have no outcomes in common, they can't happen at the same time
  7. independent Correct Answers When one event has no effect on another