Download Earth Science 101 (Clepper) Quinnipiac Final Exam Question & Answers 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
Why was the earth fairly homogeneous? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Had a fairly uniform distribution of material throughout. What were the sources of heat as the earth formed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. The transfer of kinetic energy to thermal energy during collisions.
- The Decay of radioactive elements How did the differentiation process occur to create internal layering? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ lithosphere characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Solid, rigid, brittle, consists of crust and upper mantle (10-300km) Asthenosphere characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔plastic, soft rocks made up of the mantle (upper) How does the lithosphere differ from the asthenosphere? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What are the three main plate boundaries? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔transform, convergent, divergent Is crust created, destroyed, or neither? (Divergent) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Crust is created (lithosphere) What are they defined by? (i.e., what geologic feature is found at a divergent plate boundary?) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mid Ocean Ridges In what direction do the plates move relative to each other? (Divergent)
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Away from each other What are divergent boundaries in the ocean called? (Divergent) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mid Ocean Ridge What are divergent boundaries on land called? (Divergent) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Continent Continent Rifts What is an example of a mid-ocean ridge? (Divergent) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What geologic feature (volcanoes, mountains, etc.) are found at each type of convergent plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔volcanoes, mountains At which convergent plate boundary is there volcanic activity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ At which convergent plate boundary is there NO volcanic activity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Be able to name a geographic location that represents each type of convergent plate boundary. (Convergent) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔CC OO CO Is crust created, destroyed, or neither? (Transform) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Neither What are they defined by? (i.e., what geologic feature is found at a transform plate boundary?) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mid Atlantic Ridge, Faults
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
In what direction do the plates move relative to each other? (Transform)
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔They connect other boundaries together What is an example of a current transform plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Alpine Fault in New Zealand How does convection cause the motion of plates that drives plate tectonics? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Heat flow and movement in the the mantle drives plate tectonics What are the five characteristics that an Earth material must exhibit in order to be classified as a mineral? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, have a crystal structure, and have a definite chemical composition. Know the five ways new minerals can form. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Water evaporates, Hot water cools, Molten Rock cools, Heat and pressure cause changes, Organisms produce minerals What process is needed to form an igneous rock? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Molten rock cools and solidifies
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What is magma assimilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔changing a magma's composition by the incorporation of surrounding rock bodies into a magma What is magma mixing? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Two chemically distinct magmas may produce a composition quite different from either original magma What is fractional recrystallization and how does it affect the composition of magma? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔as minerals crystallize out, the remaining melt changes as compared to the original melt Where do the majority of magmas originate? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The upper mantle (50-250km) or 30-350 miles What causes magma formation to occur in a subduction zone? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Subduction carries oceanic plate (with water- rich sediments) into hotter mantle, where water lowers melting temperature of rock; it partially melts Rising magma melts continental crust it passes through, changing composition of magma
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What causes magma formation to occur at mid-ocean ridges? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As plates spread, the pressure is lowered on the mantle The lower pressure means the mantle partially melts. The eruptions form the new basaltic oceanic crust. What is viscosity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔resistance to flow What is magma's viscosity (fluidity) governed by? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔governed by its temperature and composition What is the relationship between viscosity and temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As the temperature decreases, the magma's fluidity (viscosity) increases Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow What is the relationship between viscosity and silica content? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The viscosity of magma generally increases with silica content
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
During which extinction event did the dinosaurs become extinct? When did this extinction event occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cretaceous-Tertiary 65 m.y.a. How do physical and chemical weathering work together? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Physical (mechanical) weathering: mechanical processes break large rocks into smaller fragments Chemical weathering: chemical processes involve reactions among minerals, water, and atmospheric gases that dissolve some minerals and produce new ones What is lithification? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lithification is the process by which sediment is compacted into rock due to pressure. What are the two steps of lithification? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔compaction and cementation What type of metamorphism occurs at convergent plate boundaries with
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
subduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Regional Metamorphism What type of metamorphism occurs at convergent plate boundaries without subduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Regional Metamorphism What type of metamorphism occurs at divergent plate boundaries (mid- ocean ridges)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrothermal metamorphism What type of metamorphism is related to continental margins? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Burial Metamorphism What is strain? Rock Deformation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔changes in shape of rock caused by deformation What is elastic strain? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stress causes a temporary change in shape or volume of rock - rock returns to original size/shape once the stress is removed
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What are the effects (strain) that each type of stress causes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Compression Occurs when a rock is squeezed Causes shortening of the rock Tension Occurs when a rock is pulled apart Causes stretching of the rock Shear stress Occurs when one side of a rock is moves sideways past the other side Causes shear strain of the rock At what type of plate tectonic boundary would you expect each type of stress to occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Compression: Continental Collision Tension: Continental Rift Shear Stress: Fault (San Andreas)
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What are faults? What are the three classifications of faults? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fractures in rock on which movement has occurred - causes offset Normal Footwall up, Hanging wall down Hanging wall drops relative to footwall Caused by tensional stress Divergent plate boundaries, Stretch's the crust Reverse Footwall down, Hanging wall up Hanging wall moves up relative to footwall Caused by compressional stress convergent plate boundaries, Shortens the crust Thrust: Large angle for the movements Hanging wall moves up relative to footwall Caused by compressional stress - convergent plate boundaries, Shortens the crust
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
shock and earthquakes => destabilize the slopes and may trigger landslides. Water reduces the cohesion of particles by saturation. ... However, vegetation may allow soil moisture to build up and make landslides more likely. Slope stability is a dynamic balance between what two forces? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔shear stress and shear strength Why is vegetation a significant factor in slope stability? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rooting systems to help keep soil and other materials together What is the drainage basin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the land area that contributes water to a stream What is the drainage divide? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A ridge or strip of high ground separating one drainage basin from another What is a 50-year flood? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1/50 or 2% chance each year
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
What is a 100-year flood? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1/100 or there is a 1% chance of flood a year What is a 500-year flood? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1/500 or 0.2% chance each year What is a "1000-year flood"? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1/1000 or 0.1% chance each year What is a flash flood? What causes it? Are the affects local or regional? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔brief but severe floods due to a sudden, intense rainstorm, depends mostly local, can be regional What is a regional flood? What causes it? Are the affects local or regional? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a large, meandering river spreads over its floodplain What is a meandering stream? How do the meanders form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Curves develop because a stream's velocity is highest on the outside of curves, promoting erosion there.
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
In arid regions, there are no permanent streams because the water table lies below the stream bed What is pore collapse? What causes it? Is it reversable? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔When groundwater fills the pore space of a rock, it holds the grains of the rock or regolith apart Water cannot be compressed The extraction of water from a pore eliminates the support holding the grains apart The air that replaces the water can be compressed As a result, the grains pack more closely together This pore collapse permanently decreases the porosity and permeability of a rock Glaciers are parts of which two basic Earth cycles? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrologic cycle Rock cycle
Final Exam Question & Answers 2025
Glacial movement plays a role in which parts of the rock cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As a glacier flows over a bedrock, it loosens and lifts blocks in a process called plucking Occurs when meltwater penetrates the cracks and joints of bedrock beneath a glacier and freezes Where do glaciers form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in places where more snow falls in the winter than melts away in the summer During the last glacial maximum, how much lower was sea level than it is today? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔100 meters lower What are the causes of ice ages? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plate Tectonics Continents shift and move through geologic time Change ocean circulation Continents move toward or away from the poles Climate change triggered by plate tectonics is extremely gradual
