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CRT-RRT (NBRC)FULL REVIEW Questions and Answers 2025 graded A+.pdf, Exams of Nursing

Keele University Nursing

CRT-RRT (NBRC)FULL REVIEW Questions and Answers 2025 graded A+.pdf

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/15/2025

samuel-waweru-1 🇬🇧

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CRT-RRT (NBRC)FULL REVIEW

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Yellow = presence of WBC, bacterial infection

-wire like structure inside the vent circuit to maintain a set gas temperature thru the

entire circuit

Wick Humidifers -

-when plugging the tube, deflate cuff, remove the inner cannula and then plug the

trach tube

Wheeze -

Weaning Methods -

Weaning criteria -

-WEANING

Water-seal -

-water seal prevents air from entering pleura. bubbles = leak

-wash with mild detergent

-VT: 4-6-8 ml/kg

-Volume - Amplitude

-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall

-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together

V-Fib: Defibrillate - Epinephrine - Amiodarone

-V-Fib

vesicular breath sounds -

-vercuronium (norcuron)

verapamil -

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach) -

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) -

-Ventricular ectopic beats, v-tach, and atrial arrythmias

Ventricular Arrhythmias -

-ventilator will maintain a minimum rate

-Ventilator control tidal volume for every breath

Ventilator Alarms -

Ventilation with no perfusion = PE (deadspace disease)

-ventilation will be provided through blue #2 longer tube

Vent protocols for asthma -

Vent protocols for ARDS -

Venous distention -

Vegetative organism -

-VE < 10 L/min

-VD/VT: <60%

-VC: 1000 ml

-Vasporessor (Dopamine, Dobutamine)

Vasopressors -

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Download CRT-RRT (NBRC)FULL REVIEW Questions and Answers 2025 graded A+.pdf and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Yellow = presence of WBC, bacterial infection

wire like structure inside the vent circuit to maintain a set gas temperature thru the entire circuit Wick Humidifers -
when plugging the tube, deflate cuff, remove the inner cannula and then plug the trach tube Wheeze - Weaning Methods - Weaning criteria -
WEANING Water-seal -
water seal prevents air from entering pleura. bubbles = leak
wash with mild detergent
VT: 4- 6 - 8 ml/kg
Volume - Amplitude
vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together V-Fib: Defibrillate - Epinephrine - Amiodarone
V-Fib vesicular breath sounds -
vercuronium (norcuron) verapamil - Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach) - Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) -
Ventricular ectopic beats, v-tach, and atrial arrythmias Ventricular Arrhythmias -
ventilator will maintain a minimum rate
Ventilator control tidal volume for every breath Ventilator Alarms - Ventilation with no perfusion = PE (deadspace disease)
ventilation will be provided through blue #2 longer tube Vent protocols for asthma - Vent protocols for ARDS - Venous distention - Vegetative organism -
VE < 10 L/min
VD/VT: <60%
VC: 1000 ml
Vasporessor (Dopamine, Dobutamine) Vasopressors -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Vancomycin = MRSA
Valvular disease or dysfunction Valsalva Maneuver -
Valium/Versed - Sedation Vaccines -
V6 = 5th intercostal space, left mid-axillary line
V5 = between V4 and V6 on left side
V4 = 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line
V3 = between V2 and V4 on left side
V2 = 4th intercostal space on left side of sternum V/Q scan -
V/Q Scan
usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
used to monitor asthma patient's response to anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid) treatment
USED FOR TACHYPNEA TO AVOID HYPERVENTILATION
used for determining thoracic aneurysms, congenital abnormalities of the aorta and major thoracic vessels esp. the hilar area
used for 15-20 mins 3-4x/day
Use of terminal flow on PR- 2 will decrease FiO
use of nebulize will increase FiO2 on PR-II
use humidifier not nebulizer
use HME
use Heated Wire Circuits or HME
URI - Present
Upper Respiratory infection
Unstable SVT or A-Flutter: 50-100 joules
Unstable A-Fib: 120-200 joules
unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction unilateral consolidation - ultrasonography of the heart (Echocardiogram) - Ultrasonic Nebulizers - Tympanic percussion -
two R waves wider than 5 large boxes = bradycardia
two R waves closer and 3 large boxes = tachycardia
two cuffs: distal cuff is high pressure, low volume for mainstem bronchus tube
turbine device (Wright respirometer
tubes do NOT have an inflatable cuff
tuberculocidal in 20 mins
tuberculocidal in 10-20 mins

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Swan-Ganz Catheter -

SvO2 values also decrease when cardiac output decreases SVC - Sustained Maximal Inspiration (SMI) -
Sustained inflation
Suspicion of epiglottitis
suspected esophageal malignancy, dysphagia, congenital defect in hypopharync, esophagus, gastric reflux, esophageal varices. Surfactant -
supraglottic swelling with an enlraged and flattened epiglottis and swollen aryepiglottic folds
supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
Supraglottic Edema
supports base of tongue
supports base of tongue Supine - Summary of adverse conditions (STOP&NOTIFY) -
Sudden Onset Suction Pressures -
suction control regulates negative pressure
subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
Subglottic Edema (STEEPLE/PENCIL)
Subdural Hematoma
Subarachnoid bolt: metal screw with sensor chip that is inserted through a hole drilled into the subdural or subarachnoid space Stylet -
study of OBSTRUCTING LESIONS (tumors) and BRONCHIECTASIS
strong cough
Stridor at rest stridor -
Steroids, Prophylactic Antibiotics, long term mechanical vent/trach, plasmapheresis
steroids and antibiotics Sterilization -
steeple/picket fence/pencil sign
Static compliance increases
starting source pressure is 30 psi
start @ 1L +1L until >90%
start @ 1L +1L until >90%
standard ET tube can be inserted directly through LMA into the trachea
stable PVO2, SVO2, A-a DO

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

stable COPD patients Sputum tests - Sputum colors -
sputtering sounds indicates that all of the solution has been nebulized
sporicidal in 10 hours (sterile)
sporicidal in 1 hour
SpO2 88% or less Spirometers -
spiral CT scan w/ contrast dye for PE
Spiral CT Scan
Spinal tap - protein in spinal fluid
sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
soak in acetic acid (white vinegar) for 20 mins
small airway obstruction
slow, fatigue improves with rest Sinus Bradycardia - SIMV mode -
SIMV Simple Mask - Signs -
sigh volume set at double Vt or less (1.5-2x Vt) Sigh Volume and rate -
Sigh breaths
should see aerosol on inspiration
should be left unsecured
short term ventilation Severinghaus Electrode -
Set LVN air entrainment @ 100%
Serum levels are kept at 5 - 10 mcg/mL in neonates and children Sensitivity controls - Sensitivity = identify what antibiotics will kill bacteria Self-Inflating Resusciation bag -
seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase) sedation level 3 should be achieved
secretions/fluid
score of 40 = 40 weeks Scavenger systems -
- scanned over chest and shows distribution and volume of perfusion
Sarcoidosis Sanz Electrode -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

- QS/QT: < 20%

PVT: Defibrillate - Epinephrine - Amiodarone pulsus paradoxus -

pulseless v-tach/v-fib Pulmonary Embolism - Pulmonary Edema/CHF - Pulmonary Angiography -
Pulmonary air leak (PIE)
pt cannot be orally or nasally intubated
PSV Pseudomonas Aeruginosa -
provides the important VOLUMES used to identify RESTRICTIVE DISEASES
provide airway and antibiotics
prophylactic/Rescue
productive cough may indicate infection
produces pink/green sputum procainamide -
primary and chronic pulmonary hypertension, PE, RDS, CHF, PPHN, fibrosis Prevention of VAP -
prevent/decrease pulmonary edema
prevent loss of: Pressure, PEEP, VT Pre-term infant: 0
pressures in cardiac chambers can be measured Pressure Transducer -
pressure relief (25cmH2O) for pediatric
pressure limit controls volume
Pressure does not rise normally (needle reads low or negative) = insufficient flow
Pressure Differential (Fleisch) measures flow
Pressure Dampening = obstructed catheter (blood clot, bubble, kink) Pressure Control Ventilation - Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVCs) -
pre ductal is 15 torr higher than post ductal = PDA w/ R to L shunt Pre and post ductal blood gas - Pre and Post bronchodilator Testing -
Pplat< 30 cmH Postural Drainage Position -
post-op atelectasis, etc. Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) -
Positive Tensilon test Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) Therapy -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Position of ET/Tracheostomy tube -

polycythemia or cor pulmonale Polarographic -
PO2 values DO NOT correlate very well with arterial blood, especially when arterial PO2 is >60 torr Pneumotachometers -
pneumonia
pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces Pleural friction rub -
pleural effusion or pneumonia Plethysmograph -
plastics (tubing, nebulizer, humidifier)
placed in an upright position between the suction catheter and the suction tubing
PIP: 20 - 30 cmH
PIP Pink frothy = pulmonary edema
physician signature
pH increases
pH decreases
permissive hypercapnea
periodic support with NMD, restrictive chest wall, sleep apneas Perfusion scan
Perfusion
percussive effect of gas delivery improves ventilation past obstructions in the airway thereby delivering more aerosol to the distal airways. pentamidine -
PEFR
PEEP: 5 cmH2O
PEEP: +2 - +4 (max 8) PEEP/CPAP too high - PEEP/CPAP Therapy -
PEEP of 20 & PIP of 40
pediatrics Pediatric: 2
Peak Flow Peak Expiratory Flow Rate -
PCV with increased PEEP
Paw is set 2-5 cmH2O above MAP on CMV
patients with sleep apnea
patients with NMD @ 10-15 cmH2O

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
oblique-shaped
O2 analyzer near infants face Nystatin -
not grounded
not for trauma (Neck fracture)
not for TB, post-op, unstable pulmonary and cardiovascular system
not for sterilizing a bronchoscope
not for resuscitation or PPV not for PE, pleural effusion, tuberculosis and untreated pneumothorax
not for codes or emergencies
not as effective as humidifiers and increase/thicken secretions = change to heated humidifiers Normalize a low PaCO2 - Normalize a low O2 - Normalize a high PaCO2 - Normalize a high O2 -
Normal Value 70 - 90 mmHg
normal lungs
Normal < 3 seconds
norepinephrine (levophed) =cardiogenic shock Non-Rebreather -
Nonrebreather Non-Invasive PPV (NPPV) - Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents -
No Upper Respiratory Infection
no sedatives
no one way flap valves Nitric Oxide Therapy -
NG tubes should be in stomach 2-5 cm below the diaphragm New Ballard Score (NBS) -
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine(MESTINON), short term mechanical vent
needs suctioning
needs CPT Nasopharygeal Airway - Nasal intubation 26-29 cm mark at patient's nares Nasal CPAP - Nasal Cannula -
narrowing subglottic swelling NARCAN -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

myocardial disease Mycobacterium Disease - Tuberculosis - Myasthenia Gravis -
myacins = gram negative
must use one way valve and bacteria filter to avoid spreading
Must return to baseline
must be taught before surgery
must be at least 6LPM to flush out CO
must be 2% of known value
must be 2% of known value Multifocal PVC - Mucoid = white/gray, chronic bronchitis
mostly in face and trunk
most accurate and best to check accuracy of PFT equipment
morphine
Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zileuton
Monophasic: initial is 200 joules
Monophasic: 360 joules
Monitor VC/MIP
Monitor VC/MIP
monitor for fluid overload (weight gain)
Monitor FiO2 - O2 analyzer near infants face Modifying Therapy -
modify breathing patters (slow/inspiratory hold) Modified Ramsay Scale - moderate stridor = O2-Cool Mist-Racemic epinephrine
Mist tent, O2, Racemic epi, corticosteroids Mist Tent, O2 tent, Croupette -
mist in short puffs = condensation = drain
MIP/NIF: > - 20 cmH2O
minimum acceptable: 70-75%
miller: directly under and lifts the epiglottis (infants) mild stridor = humidity, O2, Racemic epinephrine
Midazolam (Versed) Methylxanthines - Metered Dose Inhaler -
meperedine (Demerol)
MEP: >
Meningitis medium rales -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Lateral Flat - Lateral decubitus CXR -

Lasix/Fowlers - decrease venous return Laryngoscope Blade Sizes - Laryngoscope - Laryngectomy & Laryngectomy tubes - Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) - Large Volume Nebulizers -
LARGE airway secretions Kussmaul's -
killed by "-myacins"
killed by "-cillins"
ketamine (Ketalar) Katz ADL -
Jet, ultrasonic, and Hydronamic Nebulizer Jet Nebulizers - Jaw Thrust - Jaundice skin color - Jackson trach tube -
I-time: 0.5 - 0.6 seconds
I-time
isordil
Isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, rifampin Ischemia -
IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O IPPB Troubleshooting - IPPB Indications -
IPAP/EPAP increased by 1-2 until relieved
IPAP always greater than EPAP
Intubation if respiratory arrest
intubation if MARKED stridor
Intubation and IV Ampicillin Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation -
Intracranial tumors
insufficient flow Instill irrigating solutions -
inspire larger than normal VT and exhale actively but NOT forcefully. exhalation 2- 3x longer than inspiration
inserted into the femoral vein and advanced through the right heart and into the pulmonary artery which could identify filling defects

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

inserted anatomically shaped with lubricant Injury -
injected with radioactive substance
initiate BIPAP if not tolerated, or ineffective @ 15 cmH2O Initial Vent Settings - Infants -
initial 20ppm up to 80 ppm
Inhale! not exhale
inhale slowly and press once
ingested and traced through the hypopharynx and into the esophagus via fluoroscope and xray at the end
Inflation Hold Infarction -
infants Infant: 60 - 80 mm Hg
Infant: 200 mL Inductive Plethysmography -
induce sputum specimens, can irritate the airway and cause bronchospasm or secretion obstruction
indicated if larynx is in an anterior location
indicated by a depressed or inverted T-WAVE
increasing the flow will decrease volume increasing mist in USN (troubleshooting) -
increases BP
increased rate will decrease e-time
increased pressure = obstruction, excessive flow
Increased PaCO2 by >10 torr
increased increments of 1 cmH2O every 10 minutes to decrease or eliminate obstructive respiratory events
increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
increased flow will decrease i-time
increased CVP = hypervolemia
increased airway resistance (USE LARGEST SIZE)
Increase the tidal VOLUME
increase the RATE
Increase the RATE
increase Temp
Increase PIP in increments of 5
increase pH
Increase PEEP by 2 - 5 cmH2O
increase IPAP if obstructive hypopnea, 2% desaturation or snoring

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

I:E of 1:2 preferred Hypotonic Saline - Hypotension - Hypertonic Saline - Hyperresonant - Hyperpnea - HyperBaric Oxygen Therapy -
hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
hydrocodone Home Infection Control -
hold breath for 10 seconds HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis - Hi-Lo Evac Tubes -
highest output range
High PIP High Frequency Ventilation - High Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation - High Frequency Oscillator Ventilation -
High Frequency Jet ventilator preferred if not tolerating during bronchoscopy High Frequency Jet Ventilation - High Frequency Flow Interrupter Ventilation - HHN/SVN -
Hemodynamicsare stable
Hemodynamics increase Hemodynamics -
hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
helps to accumulate secretions in the middle airways Heliox -
Heliox
heating element for thick secretions Heated Wire Circuits -
heat to 43-45 °C Heat Moisture Exchanger (HME) -
heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities Heart Sound S₄ - Heart Sound S₃ - Heart Sound S₂ - Heart Sound S₁ - Heart murmurs -

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Head-tilt/Chin-lift -

head elevated 30-45 degrees
hazards occur (dizziness, SOB, cyanosis, etc.)
Hazards include: hyperventilation (breathe slower), Impeding venous return, pneumothorax
has Universal connector with a 22 mm OD and 15 mm ID
has molecular sieves Guillain Barre Syndrome -
green sputum Green = stagnant sputum, gram neg bacteria (Bronchiectasis, pseudomonas Gram Stain = whether Gram positive or negative (5mins) Gram Positive Organisms - Gram Negative Organisms -
Gram Negative
gradual onset
Gradual Onset
good lung down for unilateral lung disease
give bronchodilator prior to acetylcysteine General malaise - General Considerations of NPPV - Galvani fuel cell -
gagging: remove-suction-oxygen
FVC<SVC = obstructive
FVC cant be completed in 3 seconds = obstruction FVC - Full term: 3.0 - 3.
frequent oximetry required
frequency Fowlers, semi-fowlers, reverse trendelenburg -
Fowler's = CHF Four Critical Life Functions -
foreign body aspiration
for vents, CPAP, etc
for thick and tenacious secretions
for pt with high oxygen/PEEP requirements, pulmonary infections, frequent suctioning and hemodynamic instability
for pediatrics
for Head injuries and overdose
for flexible bronchoscope
for bronchopleural fistulas etc

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

exercise limitation
Excessively high flow may causes valves to jam. Use 15L/min or low range of flush
Excessive pressure = obstruction, excessive flow evidence of difficult airway -
everything else = gram negative
EVALUATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS Etylene oxide sterilization - ET Tube Size - Estimating heart rate on ECG - Esophageal Tracheal Combitube - ER Treatment for Asthma Attack -
Epinephrine - Asystole
Epinephrine and Atropine for children
epinephrine Epiglottitis - Epiglottitis -
Epidural Sensor: consists of placement of a fiberoptic sensor, radio transmitter, or tiny balloon in the epidural space through a burr hole in the skull
enlarged tongue (macroglossia) End expiratory film -
Emphysema (Obstructive)
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE Electroencephalography (EEG) - Egophony - Effectiveness of CPR -
Edema
echocardiogram recommended
ECG shows sinus rhythm with no pulse = Continue CPR each 100 mmHg = 5% shunt + 5% normal shunt
During winter
during the last stage the patient breathes at high lung volumes
during pneumonectomies, lobectomies
during CPR, PETCO would increase Dull percussion - Dubowitz Method - Dry-rolling seal -
dry cough
drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Drooling
drain and discard condensate

Questions and Answers 2025 graded

A+

Double-Lumen ET tube -

double spike (dicrotic notch) is normal for PAP
DOUBLE BAG prior to steriliation
doppler color flow mapping with 2D and M-Mode achocardiography to assess overall ventricular function including LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUME and EJECTION FRACTION
Dopamine and dobutamine
Do not remove cervical collar - check femoral pulse
do not exceed appropriate pressures
do not attempt to fix, REPLACE
DO NOT adjust frequency (factory)
distribute aerosols more evenly
displays rapid changes in voltage as a moving line on a phosphorescent screen Disinfection - Diseases with Decreased DLCO - Discontinuing bronchial hygiene -
discontinue if sinusitis, epistaxis or ear infection occurs
digoxin (Lanoxin)
Digitalis (inotropy) increases CO
digitalis (crystodigin)
diazepam (Valium) Diaphragm -
diagnostic lavage = flexible bronchoscope + saline Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) -
diagnosis of bronchiectasis
Dexamethasone (steroid)
detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
detecting small pleural effusions
Descending (Mind to Ground)
Dense aerosol delivery promotes bronchial hygiene, reduces edema, and relieves bronchospasm with the appropriate medications
delivered on R wave Defibrillation -
decreasing flow will increase volume
decreased PVO2, SVO
decreased in the early stages of obstructive disease
decreased = large airway obstruction
decrease WOB
decrease trauma during NT suctioning
Decrease the tidal VOLUME

CRT-RRT (NBRC)FULL REVIEW Questions and Answers 2025 graded A+.pdf, Exams of Nursing

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