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EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE ART
Our history as a nation was a story of four centuries of conquest.
- Pre-colonial (Before 1521)
- Hispanic Period (1521-1898)
- American Period (1898-1941)
- Japanese Period (1940-1945)
- Post War Republic (1946-1969)
- 1970’s-Contemporary
❖ Pre-colonial Arts
- Literature o Rich repository o Folk speeches o Folk songs o Folk narratives o Indigenous rituals a. Folk Speeches ▪ Riddles- talingahaga (metaphor) ▪ Two different objects therefore test the keen analytical ability of the listener. - Tigno- Cebuano - Bugtong-Tagalog - Paktakon- Ilonggo - Patototdon- Bicol b. Proverbs or Aphorisms ▪ Rules of conduct and community beliefs which instill values through short verses with rhyme with full of wisdom.
▪ TANAGA- insights and lessons on life according to life experiences
- Basahanon- Panay
- Daraida- Bukidnon
- Daragilon- Pana c. Folk Song ▪ Folk lyric expressing the relationships, lesson, about aspirations of people in the community. ▪ Repetitive, Sonorous, Didactic and Naïve.
- Ida Ida- Maguindanao (Children Song)
- Tulang Pambata- Tagalog
- Cansiones para abbing- Ibanag
- Ili-Ili- Iloilo (lullabies)
- Harana- Cebu (serenade)
- Ambahan- Mangyans
- Kalusan- Ivatan (Livelihood)
- Mambayu- Kalinga (Pounding Rice)
- Soliranin- Tagalog (rowing song) d. Folk Narratives ▪ These are epic folk tales such as legends which explains the world, places, animals and other creations. (fables) ▪ Monkey and the Turtle ▪ Epics
- Darangen- Maranao
- Hudhud- Ifugao
- Ulahingan- Manobo Songs or Chants
- Bi-ag ni Lam-ang- Ilocos - Darangen- Maranao - Hinilawod- Sulod/ Panay - Kudaman- Palawan - Tudbulol- T’boli
- Visual Art a. Pottery ▪ This is one of the most ancient arts during the pre-colonial Philippines.
- Manunggul Jar- excavated in Palawan during 8th century
- Huge Burial Jar has a cover of two men rowing a boat. (Afterlife) b. Weaving ▪ It evolved from pre-colonial communities and has been a traditional source of living. ▪ Textiles and blankets with blackstrap loom for daily needs, religious rites and rituals.
- T’nalak- Tboli Tribe (South Cotabato) c. Sculpture ▪ Carving in the Cordilleras focus on the Anito figures called BULUL. (ancestral spirits and gods)
- Okir- Ornate curvilinear designs carved in woods (Maranao & Tausug)
- Sarimanok- bird painted in multi-color
- Pako Rabong- fern with broad base d. Jewelry Making ▪ Pre-colonial dwellers adorn themselves with highly intricate ornaments made of precious metals such as gold.
- Ling ling o- fertility
- T’boli wear the most splendid ornaments of brass such as multicolored beads for neckpieces, earrings, bracelets and anklets. (pleases god and social status) e. Dances ▪ These are performed during special occasions such as birth, baptism, circumcision, puberty rites, courtship, weddings, during illness and death. ▪ Mandadawak, Bayok, Catalonan, Tagbanua, and Babaylan enters a trance while the shaman offers sacrifices.
- Aetas- Zambales (Monkey and fish)
- Higaonan- (hawk and monkey dances)
- Tausug and Samal in Sulu- butterfly dances ❖ Hispanic Conquest
- Literature a. Poetry ▪ Lyrics or Narratives (Religious Poetry) ▪ Interpreters translate Spanish verses into Tagalog- Catechism
- DALIT- has no fixed rhyme scheme and they are identifiable only by their solemn tone and spiritual topic.
- PASYON- religion narrative poetry which recounts the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ
- Performing Arts a. Visual Arts ▪ Visual arts illustration and cartoons of the American-controlled textbooks and publications. - Fernando Amorsolo- backlighting, cast golden tones on the natural green scenery. b. Painting ▪ Modernism- Amorsolo and Edades (bright sparkling colors and bursting sunlight) - Rural Life of working men and women either farming or fishing - Commercial purposes (advertising and commercial products and grime work (figures are distorted and naked) - First modernist artist c. Sculpture ▪ Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva - Learned wide variety of materials and techniques. - Wood (narra and molave) - Metal-brass, bronze and aluminum. - UP Oblation – symmetry, restrain and discipline which classical ideals ❖ Japanese Period
- Literature a. Poetry ▪ Theme- love of country, rural life, religion and arts.
- HAIKU- free verse (short with wide meaning, 3 short lines that do not rhyme) b. Short Story
▪ Narciso Reyes- Lupang Tinubuan
▪ Liwayway Arceo- Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa
▪ NVM Gonzales- Lunsod, Nayon at Dagat-Dagatan
▪ Leon Ma. Guerero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulusan- uses English (wrote propaganda
reiterating on their nationalist sentiments)
- Visual Arts a. Paintings ▪ Use to produce materials for propaganda. ▪ Leaflets, flyers and posters which were graphically designed carrying propaganda slogans. (imposition of Nihonggo and warding off American influence) ▪ These artworks were dropped from Japanese Planes over manila. ▪ Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco and Galo Ocampo. (fluid and brilliant colors) ▪ First Mass at Limasawa - Flagellants (penitence lent and images of war) - Christmas Eve- Emilio Santiago (nostalgia about peace and others depicting the atrocities of war b. Sculpture ▪ Luz and Eduardo Castrillo created large-scale outdoor sculptures produced minimalist and geometric sculpture. ▪ Manifest absence of peace and the presence of chaos as evident in the distorted and emotional figures.
WHAT IS PHILIPPINE ABOUT PHILIPPINE ART?
- Depictions of scenes of everyday life and the surroundings
1. Carlos Francisco
o Most expressive of the ethos of the race and agricultural countryside o Heroic-epic feeling for history and myth o Also painted festivals and town happenings
2. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
o “The Most Filipino Painter ever” o Unique painterly approach using surrealistic and cubistic beginnings and underpinnings o “Whatever you are painting or sculpting, if you are a good artist, your work will automatically be Filipino.”
- Confusion in cultural identity stems from the fact that Philippine art belongs to the Western tradition in its use of paint and canvas and other materials, as well as in influences as impressionism, expressionism, surrealism, cubism, pop, minimalism, and so on.
- Modern art movements in ASEAN region are inspired by Western models.
Looking Back at Philippine Art
1. Painting and Sculpture o 16 th^ century when Spaniards arrived o Spaniards used paintings as religious propaganda o Purpose of most paintings from 16th- 19 th^ centuries was to aid the Catholic church o In the early 19th^ century, Filipino art deviates from religious motifs ▪ Watercolor paintings ▪ Landscapes, Filipino inhabitants, Philippine fashion, government officials o Portrait painting of painters, Filipino jewelry, native furniture, day to day scenes of Filipinos ▪ Done on canvas, woods, and a variety of metals o The first art school was established by Damien Domingo in 1820 o In the 1800’s, Filipino painters won recognition abroad. ▪ Mariano Madrinan – King Alfonso XIII’s medal and diploma of honor in the Amsterdam International Exposition of 1884 ▪ Juan Luna’s Spolarium – first prize at an art competition in Madrid o During World War 2, painters focused their artwork on the effects of war, including battle scene, destruction, and suffering. o The University of the Philippines and the University of Santo Tomas have done much in providing formal education in fine arts. o Europe has a great influence in Philippine arts. ▪ Fernando Zobel - came out with a book on religious sculpture in the Philippines ▪ Galo Ocampo – edited book on the same subject
c. Water storage ( immoso) pots
▪ Average sized
6. Music o Philippine tribal music started from the first Filipino musicians trained in Western music in the 17th century. ▪ Marcelo Adonay – trained by the Augustinian Order is a composer of full orchestral accompaniments ▪ Jose Estrella – is a composer of stage music, and wrote several operas, waltzes, and musical plays
o Rondalla – a native string band which is a type of contemporary music that relates to the tribal music
with its stringed instruments and to Western music
o Greate Philippine Classics – a collection of Philippine classical music by the National Philharmonic
Society of the Philippines.
o Redentor R. Romero – the country’s first and only international conductor whose appearances span in
five continents. Many of the world’s leading artists have appeared under his baton.
7. Literature and Theater o Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were epics passed from generation to generation. One epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao
o The first printed book was the Doctrina Christiana.
o Francisco Balagtas wrote Florante at Laura, a metrical romance which had earned him the title prince of Philippine poets. o In 1846, the first daily newspaper, La Esperanza was published in the country. o In 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased population’s ability to read Spanish. o The most notable writer of the Spanish period is also the country’s national hero Jose Rizal with his
works Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
o Poetry and metrical romances: a. Tanaga – poem with four lines and seven syllables each. b. Ladino Poems – poems by those who were literate in both Spanish and vernacular. c. Corrido and awit – entertainment o The Americans brought the newspapers, as well as the English language. o Contemporary theater is mostly made up of plays from European and American dramas. a. Moriones (Marinduque) – participants dressed as Roman soldiers in a Passion play b. Panunuluyan – “seeking passage” Joseph and Mary’s search for a room c. Salubong – Easter Sunday d. Senakulo – Passion and death of Christ e. Santacruzan – Saint Helena’s finding of a cross f. Comedia – courtly love of a prince and princess from different religions g. Duplo – teams of young men and women having a debate h. Karagatan – testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden’s hand
8. Dance o There are many different types of Filipino dances varying in influence and region.
o The Banga dance illustrates the grace and strength of women in the Kalinga tribe balancing pots on
their heads.
o The Lumagen symbolizes flying birds and is musically paired to the beat of gongs.
o The Salisid is a dance to show courtship.
o Malakas and Maganda is a national folklore dance telling the origin of the Filipino people.
o The Binaylan dance tells the story of a hen, the hen’s baby and a hawk.
o Traditional Filipino dances are Tinikling and Binasuan. Tinikling uses long bamboo sticks in rhythm.
o The Singkil dance uses umbrellas and silk clothing.
ART IN THE PAST, PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS AND STATE OF THE PHILIPPINE CINEMA Art in the Past ❖ Darangen Epic o An ancient epic song that encompasses a wealth of knowledge about the Maranao people who live in the Lake Lanao region of Mindanao. o It literally means “to narrate a song” in the Maranao language. o Celebrates episodes from Maranao history and the tribulations of mythical heroes. o The epic explores the underlying themes of life and death, courtship, politics, love and aesthetics through symbol, metaphor, irony and satire. o It largely transmitted orally and recorded in highly valued manuscripts using Arabic-based system. Darangen is used during wedding celebrations that typically several nights. ❖ Juan Luna’s Spolarium o Features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the bloody carnage brought by gladiatoral matches. o Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions.
o The most valuable oil-on canvas painting by Juan Luna, a Filipino educated at the Academia de Dibujo
y Pintura (Philippines) and at the Academia de San Fernando (Madrid, Spain).
o The largest painting in the Philippines made in 1884 as a entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas
Artes (Madrid Art Exposition) and won First Gold Medal
❖ Amorsolo’s ‘Antipolo Fiesta’, 1947 o Depicts a rural scene where a group of people is shown celebrating a fiesta in Antipolo. o It can be said that the pair of dancers is in the unusual same pose as those of dancers in Fernando
Amorsolo’s various well-known tinikling-related paintings.
❖ Tolentino’s ‘UP Oblation’ o Guillermo Tolentino: The masterpiece of the First National Artist for Sculpture o The concrete statue painted in bronze stands 3.5 meters high (to represent the 350 years of Spanish colonization of the Philippines) The pile of rocks symbolizes islands of the Philippines. o The model has been widely rumored to be Fernando Poe, Sr. Sources laid that the real model was Tolentino’s student apprentice, Anastacio Caedo. o The original Oblation was unveiled in 1939 in Ermita, Manila by Gregoria de Jesus de Nakpil, widow of hero Andres Bonifacio.
o Located at The University of Santo Tomas Main Building España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila
10. Museo Pambata
o A museum for children. Located at Roxas Boulevard corner South Drive, Ermita, Manila. ❖ Pasay City
1. CCP Museo ng Kalinangang Pilipino and
Asian Traditional Musical Instruments
o A museum of performing arts. o Located at the Tanghalang Pambansa CCP Complex, Roxas Boulevard, Pasay
2. GSIS Museo ng Sining
o A museum of Filipino Arts. o Located at Makati Avenue corner De La Rosa Street, Greenbelt Park, Makati. ❖ Makati City
1. Ayala Museum
o A museum of Filipino Arts. o Located at Makati Avenue corner De La Rosa Street, Greenbelt Park, Makati
2. Yuchengco Museum
o A museum of Filipino and Filipino Chinese Arts. o Located at RCBC Plaza Ayala corner Senator Gil Puyal Avenue, Makati ❖ Pasig City
1. Lopez Memorial Museum
o A museum of Filipino Contemporary Arts. o Located at Benpres Building, Exchange Road corner Meralco Avenue, Pasig ❖ Quezon City
1. Ateneo Art Gallery
o A museum of Filipino of Contemporary Arts. o Located at Special Collections Building, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City.
2. Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana
Research Center
o The only museum in the Philippines with wide range of Philippine Arts from 1880 to 1960. o Located at Roxas Avenue, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City ❖ Taguig City
1. The Mind Museum
o A science museum. o Located at J.Y. Campsos Park, 3rd Avenue, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig ❖ Cebu City
1. Paulina Constancia Museum of Naïve Art
o A museum of Naïve Art, Poetry & Sustainability. o Located 110 Gorordo Ave., Cebu City ❖ Nueva Ecija
1. Provincial Capitol Museum
o A museum of Novo Esijiano’s Art and Culture. o Located at Palayan City.
2. Fred’s Art Gallery
o A museum of Novo Esijiano’s Artist. o Located at Cabanatuan City. ❖ Benguet
1. BenCab Museum
o A museum of BenCab Arts. o Located Baguio City
State of Philippine Cinema
1. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films
o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos.
2. The 2010s: Commercial Renaissance
o The presence of box-office film has urged.
3. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films
o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos.
4. Anino by Raymond Red
o The film won the Palme d’ Or at the Canes Film Festival 2000.
5. Still Lives by John Red
o The pioneering of this digital revolution was the 1999 digital feature film “Still Lives” by John Red. ▪ Cheaper production cost using digital media over the film has helped the rebirth of independent filmmaking. ▪ The independent filmmakers spurred a renewed interest in Filipino movies through digital movies.
6. The Signs of the Rebirth of the Philippines Cinema Arose by the Way of Movies with Inspirational Themes
✓ Small Voices: The movie is about a teacher who inspired her students follow their dream: the movie also implied improving the country’s educational system ✓ Crying Ladies: The movies is about three Filipinas working as a professional mourners in Manila’s Chinatown but looking for other ways to earn a living. ✓ The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros: In 2006 and 2007, Filipino filmmakers started making movies using digital media. Numerous works of a new breed of filmmakers had their films seen at the prestigious film festivals around the world like in Berlin, Cannes, Venice, Vienna and Rotterdam. Among the works included is Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2005). ✓ Serbis: In 2008, Serbis by Brillantes Mendoza became the first Filipino full-length film to compete for Palme d’ Or at the Cannes Film Festival
7. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films
o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses
stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos.
8. The 2010s: Commercial Renaissance
o The presence of box-office film has urged. ✓ You Changed My Life: In 2009, the presence of box office films has surged, with You Change My Life, making the first Filipino movie to breach the 200M pesos mark. This started the commercial box office success trend in the Philippine cinema. ✓ Praybeyt Benjamin: In 2011, “is the most fruitful year in the Philippine Cinema history as 3 of its films landed in the top 3 highest grossing film. Vice Ganda’s The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin grossed P332M in the box office and became he highest grossing local film. ✓ A Second Chance & Beauty and the Bestie: In 2015, a new box-office breaking record has been set as A Second Chance, the sequel of One More Chance earns worldwide surpassing Phenomenal Box- Office star Vice Ganda’s The Amazing Praybet Benjamin. It is surpassed again by the Beauty and the Bestie still starred by Vice Ganda.
3. Pampanga
a. Giant Lantern Festival
o Held in December (Saturday before Christmas Eve) in San Fernando City nicknamed as the Christmas Capital of the Philippines o "Ligligan Parol" – started in either 1904 or 1908 o "Lubernas" – a religious activity, believed to be the predecessor of the said festival o 1931 - electricity was introduced, adding lights and more intricate designs o The first lantern was made in honor of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon, the award was personally given by Aurora Quezon o Traditionally, the lanterns were made of papel de hapon. Later on, plastics and fiber glass are used with 3500 – 5000 lights and a height of approximately 20 ft.
b. Saniculas Cookie Mold Carvings
o Cookies that have the image of St. Nicholas, the saint for those who need "healing" from illness o considered a family heirloom, the molds have initials of the owners
o The Panecillos de San Nicholas (Pan San Nicholas or Saniculas) was introduced by the Augustinian
friars o The cookies used to be made only on Sep. 10, the feast of the saint, then brought to the church to be blessed and then given to the children
o Shapes vary- in Masantol (round), Sta. Ana (harp-shaped), in San Fernando and Mexico (leaf shaped)
- Bulacan
a. Singkaban or Bamboo Art
o Singkaban is the art of shaving bamboo into artful creations, used as decorations in arches or homes o Most prevalent in Hagonoy and Malolos o The Singkaban Festival is an annual week-long provincial event showcasing literary arts like
" Balagtasan", kundiman, and folk dances
o The main focus is on the Singkaban, creating entrance arches and other decorative materials mainly from bamboo
b. Borlas de Pastillas
o The pastillas in Bulacan are decoratively wrapped in pabalat or borlas de pastillas made of colorful
Japanese papers o Most subjects are the bahay kubo, rice fields, farmers, flowers, Maria Clara, landscapes and figures o Fiestas are not complete without these wrappers often used as decorations, table center pieces and souvenirs
c. Puni Leaf Folding
o Puni (meaning to beautify ) refers to the art of coconut leaf weaving o Originally intended as toys for children in forms of birds, fish, grasshoppers, and later on was used to
create baskets, bags, fans, food containers for suman and kakanin, and the palaspas which is used
during Palm Sunday every Holy Week o It did not originate from Bulacan and is of Malayan origin
- Ifugao
a. Bul-ul
o carved wooden figures used to guard the rice crop by the Igorot of Northern Luzon, mostly are figures of their ancestors o Alwen bul-ul – ritual by priests to ensure that the statue gains power o The figures have sex related symbols such as the mortar for the females and pestle for males o Male bul-uls may also be wrapped with loincloth and females with tapis, earrings and anklets o Tunod - a ritual where hands dripped in blood touch the statue
b. Hagabi
o Long wooden bench placed under the eaves in the stone-paved yard that surrounds the house o Signifies a person or family's wealth and belonging to the rank of Cadangyan (wealthy) who can afford to perform the Hagabi feast o "The Tale of Anniyan and Boyagon" o Today, the Hagabi feast is conducted by the Ifugaos for the purpose of building a modern house, not a wooden couch. Though much of the tradition behind the Hagabi was lost, the general feasting still remains
6. Maranao
a. Okir Design
o The Okir is the geometric and Flowing designs which are often based on an elaborate leaf and vine pattern and folk motifs found in Maranao and Muslim influenced artworks o Okir a datu- designs for men (scroll with spirals) o Okir a bay- designs for women (zigzag and angular)
o Panolong – carved beams in front of torogans (ancestral homes) with intricate okir designs
o Most designs include nāga (serpent-like) and sarimanok (chicken w/ a fish in its beak)
o Okir is said to be firstly made in Tugaya, Lanao del Sur
b. Sarimanok
o Sarimanok- legendary bird of the Maranaos " sari" means cloth and " manok" means chicken
o It is depicted as a fowl with wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs.
o Sarimanok is believed to have originated from Garuda of Hindu epic “ Ramayana” adapted into
“ Maharadia Lawana” of the Maranao people
o Abdulmari Asia Imao- Phil. Nat’l artist who uses the sarimanok as motif for his works o FEU seal bears the FEU coat of arms and sarimanok motif
c. Torogan
o Torogan or Bahay Lakan - house of Maranao w/ high social status like the Datu
o The best-known torogans are located in Dayawan, Marawi City and some around Lake Lanao
o It is elevated above the ground by its column cut from trees of huge girth o Intricately engraved w/ okir and a sarimanok displayed inside o Kawayan torogan – built by Sultan sa Kawayan Makaantal in Bubung Malanding, Marantao, Lanao del Sur, the last remaining habitable, was declared as a National Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines
d. Malong
PHILIPPINE MUSIC AND TRADITIONAL FOLK DANCE
Philippine Music
❖ A Grand Tribute to National Artists
1. Lagi Kitang Mamahalin
o Is a Musical tribute to the National Artists presented by the Cultural Centre of the Philippines is such a theatrical halo-halo treat that cannot fail to make every one salivate. o Chef Chris Millado assembled the country’s favorite singers, musicians, and dancers. The miseen-scene is by Salvador F. Bernal, the sole national artist in his field, the lightning design by Dennis Marasigan and the production style by Dennis Julio Tan.
2. The Night the PPO Played Santa
o In the Philippines St. Nicolas is not famous instead we are only familiar to Santa Claus. In the meantime The CCP (Cultural Center of the Philippines) played Santa to an audience of around two thousand people. Which features the PPO (Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra) in a free open air concert at the Folk arts theater front lawn. The presentation billed as Christmas and Gershwin, this program made by the CCP is to bring Santa Claus to the lives of our children especially to the street children in the Philippines. o But regardless to their situation they still manage to keep the spirit of Christmas by caroling with the use of karakas tambourines, and tin can drums. During the program the PPO (Philippine philharmonic orchestra) and Conductor Ruggero Barbieri opened the concert with the music led "Waltz of Flowers" by Peter Tchaikovysky's from the Nutcracker. ▪ This is a ballet music, from the story about a girl who fell asleep on Christmas eve besides a Christmas tree and dreams of holiday goodies on the dining table especially a toy soldier and fairies. Maestro Barbieri's baton is in the Philippines St. Nicolas is not famous instead a magic wand that can conjure these visions.
Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines
❖ Luzon
1. Sayaw sa Bangko (Pangasinan)
o Sayaw sa Bangko or Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko (dance on top of a bench) is a dance which originates from Pangasinan. Performers dance on top of a narrow bench that is normally six inches wide, inching and hopping from one end to another. Dancers need good balance as they go through a series of movements that includes some impressive acrobatics. o Dancer show skill in staying up the bench as they exchange places by moving their way around or the girl thrown in the air while the boy moves to the other end. o This dance traces its roots back to the areas of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan. It is usually performed during town fiestas
2. Binasuan (Pangasinan)
o Binasuan is a folk dance that originated in Bayambang, Pangasinan. The word “ binasuan” means “with
the use of drinking glasses.” o Dancers carefully balance three half-filled glasses of rice wine on their heads and hands as they gracefully spin and roll on the ground. The arms are rotated over and under the shoulder in order to
keep the palms facing up so as not to spill the liquid while nevertheless allowing the radius to cross over the ulna via pronation. o The Binasuan is an entertaining dance that is usually performed at festive social occasions like weddings and birthdays. And though it is usually perfromed alone, it can also become a competition between several dancers.
3. Pandanggo sa Ilaw (Mindoro)
o Pandanggo sa Ilaw is a very popular folk dance in the Philippines. Pandango sa Ilaw is similar to Spanish Fandango. The phrase sa ilaw is Tagalog for “in light” and it refers to the three oil lamps that a dancer
has to balance--one on the head and one the back each hand. The oil lamp is called tinghoy.
Sometimes, candles in glasses are used instead of an oil lamp. o It is a lively dance that originated on Lubang Island, Mindoro. The music is in 3/4 time and is usually accompanied by castanets. In the early 18th century, any dance that is considered jovial and lively was called Pandanggo. o The music to which the Pandanggo sa Ilaw is now commonly danced was composed by Col. Antonio R. Buenaventura, a National Artist for music and a native of Bulacan. He wrote the music overtime in early 1930’s. o There are many versions of this dance but there is one thing in common between different versions: they have gay and sprightly figures. It may be dance at any social gathering an is usually accompanied by clapping. o Pandanggo Oasiwas is similar to the Pandanggo sa ilaw and is typically performed by the fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are placed in clothes or nets and swung around as the dancers circle and sway. o Pandanggo is still danced by many people but mostly in religious rituals and processions such as the Pandangguhan sa Pasig, during the procession of St. Martha, and the Sayaw sa Obando.
4. Maglalatik (Binan, Laguna)
o The Maglalatik also known as Magbabao is a mock-war dance that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly prized food. Coconut shell halves are secured onto the dancers’ hands and on vests upon which are hung four or six more coconut shell halves. The dancers--all male, perform the dance by hitting one coconut shell with the other. Sometimes the ones on the hands, sometimes the ones on the body, and sometimes the shells worn by another performer, all in time to a fast drumbeat. o The dance is broken into four parts: two devoted to the battle and two devoted to reconciling. The men of the dance wear coconut shells as part of their costumes, and they slap them in rhythm with music.
o The name of the dance comes from “ Latik ” which means “fried coconut milk curd,” a coconut product
that is used in Filipino cooking, particularly in snacks. The Maglalatik is danced in the religious procession during the fiesta of Binan as an offering to San Isidro de Labrador, the patron saint of farmers.
5. La Jota Moncadeña (Ilocos)
o La Jota Moncadeña is a dance adapted by the Filipinos from an old Spanish dance. It’s a combination of Spanish and Ilocano dance steps set to Spanish music and castanets. • It is one of the most famous interpretation and adaptation of the Aragonese Jota Dance. People of Moncada, Tarlac call it rather by a different name: Jota Florana.
3. Surtido (Cebu)
o Surtido means "assorted" and is originated from Bantayan Cebu. Surtido is a square dance that combines influences of French, Spanish, and Mexican dance. Traditionally it is performed by a head
couple called Cabecceras accompanied by two other couples called Consiados who lead all the dancers
through various formations that resembles an old-fashioned quadrille. It used to be a long duration dance performed by a big group to the Visayan folk airs. The modern take is more modern and suitable for small groups.
4. La Estudiantina (Samar and Quezon)
o is a Spanish-inspired dance of the Philippines.
o Young women who were studying were called estudiantinas
o The dance is performed by women carrying a book or a fan, items associated with female students.
5. Pasiguin (Capiz)
o A frolicking dance representing fishes getting out of torn fishnets, locally called sibot in Capiz - The
dance is discovered by dance researcher, Petronila Suarez
o The word pasiguin literally means “ring net” which is used for catching fish
o The dance is about a fisherman trying to catch bangus, shrimp, and sugpo using the sibot not knowing there’s a huge hole in it.
6. Cariñosa (Panay)
o Cariñosa is a courtship dance that portrays acts of flirtation between a man and a woman. A Philippine folk dance of Hispanic origin.
o The word cariñosa meaning the affectionate one.
o The dancers perform steps resembling hide and-seek movements. o The woman holds handkerchief or sometimes a fan. o The essence of the dance is the courtship between sweethearts.
7. Mazurka Boholana (Bohol)
o Mazurka Boholana is a Spanish inspired ballroom dance from the Bohol province. o The Philippines was under the rule of Spain for more than three hundred years during which time the local culture was markedly influenced. The Philippine dance is ordinarily performed by men and women partners. o Philippine dance derived from Spanish influences, such as the Mazurka Boholana, are classified as Sayawing Maria Clara.
8. Alcamfor (Leyte)
o Alcamfor is a couple’s dance from Leyte. In this dance the girl holds a handkerchief laced with camphor, a substance that is locally thought to induce romance.
o The word alkamfor comes from the Spanish “ alcanfor” meaning camphor.
o Pandanggo han panyo - The dance is a little flirty with the ladies swaying their supposed to be alkamfor
scented scarves in front of their partner's face
❖ Minadanao
1. Itik-itik (Surigao)
o Itik itik is a mimetic folk dance in the Philippines. It originated in the province of Surigao in Mindanao. Itik-itik from the Tagalog word for “duck” -- the dance steps imitate the movements of the ducks among rice paddles and swamplands, such as wading, flying, and short, choppy steps, as well as the way it splashes water on its back to attract the mate. o The dance was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed the steps while dancing at a baptismal party o Itik-itik’s current for originated in the Philippine towns of Carrasca, Cantilan, Lanuza, and Carmen, all in Surigao del Sur. Other versions of the dance exist but Itik-itik Surigaonon remains the most popular. Alternate versions are found in Visayas such as Samar, Cebu, and Tibiao.
2. Kappa Malong-Malong
o Kappa Malong-Malong, also called as Sambi sa Malong, is a Muslim influenced dance
o The malong is a tabular garment, and the dance essentially shows the many ways it can be worn.
o Women’s Version:
▪ The traditional women’s version shows this cloth in countless, colorful designs, used mostly as a skirt, woven in different ways depending on the purpose of the wearer. The other ways women wear a malong is as a shawl, a mantle, or a head piece.
o Men’s Version:
▪ The men’s version shows rendition, how the men displays the malongs use as a sash or waist- band, shorts or bahag and a headgear
3. Singkil (Maranao)
o The Singkil is a traditional dance originated from the Maranao people who inhabit the shores of Lake Lanao.
o It is derived from a story in the Darangen, the Maranao interpretation of the Indian epic, the Ramayana.
o The name of the dance itself means “to entangle the feet with Disturbing objects such as vines or anything in your path.” o Originally only women, particularly royalty, danced the Singkil, which serves as either a conscious or unconscious advertisement to potential suitors o The lead dancer, in the role of Putri Gandingan (the Darangen name for Sita), graciously step in and out of closing bamboo poles arranged in either a parallel, rectangular, or criss-cross fashion while
manipulating either apir (fans), mosala (scarves), or even bare hands
o The dance is said to have been named after bracelets or anklets or the act of voluntarily or accidentally entangling one’s feet in either vines or tall grasses.
MEDIUM BASED – CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART FORMS
Art is classified into several forms depending on how it is expressed. All those forms however communicate the EMOTIONS and INNER THOUGHTS of the artists which may be subjected to interpretations. It conveys a story that is uniquely the artists’ ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE AND PROFOUND SENTIMENTS.
