computer component performance, Slides of Advanced Computer Architecture

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COMPUTER

COMPONEN

TS

Pham Thanh Giang

Institute of Information Technology

ptgiang@ioit.ac.vn

COMPONENTS OF A

COMPUTER

Same components for

all kinds of computer



Desktop, server,

embedded

Input/output includes



User-interface devices



Display, keyboard,

mouse



Storage devices



Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash



Network adapters



For communicating with

other computers

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

The term software is used to describe

computer programs that perform a task or

tasks on a computer system. Software can be

grouped as follows:

System software - Operating System etc.

Utility programs - Antivirus etc.

Applications Software - Word, SolidWorks

etc.

Software

PC COMPONENTS

Computer system - collection of electronic

and mechanical devices operating as a unit.

The main parts are:

1.System unit

2.Monitor

3.Keyboard

4.Mouse

5.Speakers

2

3

4

5

1

PERIPHERALS

Peripherals are devices that connect to the

system unit using cables or wireless

technologies. Typical peripherals include:

Monitor

Keyboard

Printer

Plotter

Scanner

Speakers

Plotter

PROCESSOR (CPU)

An integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a

single silicon chip. It’s function is to control all

the computers functions. The main processor

manufacturers are:

AMD - Athlon and Turion (mobile)

Intel - Pentium and Centrino (mobile)

AMD

Processor

PROCESSOR SPEED

Processor speed - measured in megahertz ( MHz ) or

Gigahertz ( GHz ) - the speed of the system clock ( clock

speed ) within the processor and it controls how fast

instructions are executed:

• 1 MHz - 1 million clock ticks every second
• 1 GHz - 1 billion clock ticks every second

Latest trend - multi-core processors can have two, three or

four processor cores on a single chip.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

(RAM)

Primary storage - main computer

memory. Data, programs currently in

use are held in RAM

Volatile - contents of memory are

lost if the computer is turned off

Module - memory IC’s on a circuit

board

IC’s

Memory

Module

MEMORY

DIMM’s and SODIMM’s are available in

modules of 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB,

8GB

The current technology is called DDR (double

data ram) and there are three types: DDR1,

DDR2, DDR

Any particular computer system is only

compatible with one type.

Module name

Module capacity

Module type Module speed

MOTHERBOARD

Mainboard or system board - the main

circuit board for the computer system. All

device in the computer system will either be

part of the motherboard or connected to it.

Processor

Socket

Memory

Sockets

Ports

PCI Slots

Graphics Slot

Chipset

CHIPSET

Chipset - controls data flow around the

computer. It consists of two chips:

Northbridge - data flow between memory

and processor - data flow between the

processor and the graphic's card

Southbridge - controls data flow to the

devices - USB, IDE, SATA, LAN and Audio -

controls PCI slots and onboard graphics

BUSES

Buses - a path through which

data can be sent to the different

parts of the computer system.

Main buses:

Processor

RAM

Northbridge

All Memory

Southbridge

IDE

SATA

USB

LAN

Audio

Graphics Slot

PC-Express or AGP

PCI Slots

Onboard

Graphics

Front Side

Bus

Memory Bus

Graphics Bus

Internal

Bus

PCI Bus

PCI Bus

POWER SUPPLY

Uses advances power management ( APM )

to allow the computer go into a standby

mode

Some have a switch to toggle between 240

volt supplies and 110 volt supplies.

• The main connections are:

1

4

3

2

1 Main connector

Connects to the motherboard and supplies the 3.3 and

5 volt supply for the board.

2 SATA connector Connects SATA drives

3 Berg connector Connects floppy disk drives

4 Molex connector Connects IDE hard drives and optical drives.

PORTS

Computer ports are interfaces between

peripheral devices and the computer.

They are mainly found at the back of the

computer but are often also built into the

front of the computer chassis for easy

access.

Ports at the back of the computer

Ports at the front of the computer