PRELIMS CFE 102

LESSON 1

Etymology

(Latin) Moralis = “pertaining to manners”

Definition

The rightness or wrongness of an action in

relation to a standard or norm of conduct.

MORALITY vs. ETHICS

Morality

Individual principle of what is right or wrong

(intrinsic).

Ethics

Codes of conduct set by an eternal source

(extrinsic).

Christian Morality

Principles followed by the believers which are

deeply rooted on the teachings of the (10

commandments, Jesus’ life, etc.)

Importance and Concepts

Human Dignity

DIGNITY (Latin dignitas, “worthiness”)

The view that all human life has an intrinsic

value.

Intrinsic

Innate to everyone unbounded by status, race,

achievement, age, and etc.

Inalienable

No one has the right to take it away.

Freedom

The state of not being subjected to or affected by

anything seen as oppressive or restrictive.

However, “AUTHENTHIC” freedom entails

responsibility and prudence.

Conscience

An inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a

guide to the rightness or wrongness of one’s

behavior.

“LET YOUR CONSCIENCE BE YOUR GUIDE”

-Faulty since not all conscience are clear.

There is a need for a mature moral conscience

because it moves people to make up one’s mind

for ONESELF about what OUGHT to be done.

Conscience is the whole person’s commitment to

values, and the judgement he or she must make,

in the light of that commitment to apply those

values.

LESSON 2: WHAT MAKES MORALITY?

How do we judge?

Rashly label everything

Consider all factors possible

Steps

Step 1: determine if its an object of Morality

Step 2: consider the Constituents of the Action

Step 3: weigh – in the Elements of determining morality

OBJECTS OF MORALITY

Human acts

these are actions that are proper to humans, thus

the crucial elements of WILLFUL CONSENT an

KNOWLEDGE must be present.

Acts of Man

these are actions not reflective of the person as a

rational being. The action done is performed

without conscious deliberation, knowledge and

with the absence of freewill.

CONSTITUENTS of HUMAN ACTS

Known and deliberate

There is prior knowledge of the consequences

and there was a deliberate evaluation whether to

fulfil an action or not.

Free

Free from any external factors in doing a certain

action. Not forced. Not intimidated.

Voluntary

There is the presence of willingness of an

individual to perform action.

ELEMENTS in determining MORALITY

The object/Act

The human action itself.

“WHAT”

The circumstances

Refers to the persons involved, the time, place,

and occasion that surround an object/act.

WHO, WHEN, WHERE, HOW

The intention

The purpose or the reason behind the act

WHY

LESSON 3: HOW TO BE CONSISTENTLY MORAL?

Consistent

Acting or done in the same way over time.

Things done consistently will develop into a

“HABIT”.

Habit

Behaviours done out of repetition over the course

of our life. It is learned from the environment we

are exposed to.

THE DIFFERENCE of VIRTUES and VICES

Virtues

Behaviours showing high moral standards

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PRELIMS CFE 102

LESSON 1

Etymology  (Latin) Moralis = “pertaining to manners” Definition  The rightness or wrongness of an action in relation to a standard or norm of conduct. MORALITY vs. ETHICS Morality  Individual principle of what is right or wrong (intrinsic). Ethics  Codes of conduct set by an eternal source (extrinsic). Christian Morality  Principles followed by the believers which are deeply rooted on the teachings of the ( commandments, Jesus’ life, etc.) Importance and Concepts Human Dignity  DIGNITY (Latin dignitas, “worthiness”)  The view that all human life has an intrinsic value. Intrinsic  Innate to everyone unbounded by status, race, achievement, age, and etc. Inalienable  No one has the right to take it away. Freedom  The state of not being subjected to or affected by anything seen as oppressive or restrictive.  However, “AUTHENTHIC” freedom entails responsibility and prudence. Conscience  An inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one’s behavior.  “LET YOUR CONSCIENCE BE YOUR GUIDE”

- Faulty since not all conscience are clear.  There is a need for a mature moral conscience because it moves people to make up one’s mind for ONESELF about what OUGHT to be done.  Conscience is the whole person’s commitment to values, and the judgement he or she must make, in the light of that commitment to apply those values. LESSON 2: WHAT MAKES MORALITY? How do we judge?  Rashly label everything  Consider all factors possible Steps Step 1: determine if its an object of Morality Step 2: consider the Constituents of the Action Step 3: weigh – in the Elements of determining morality OBJECTS OF MORALITY Human acts  these are actions that are proper to humans, thus the crucial elements of WILLFUL CONSENT an KNOWLEDGE must be present. Acts of Man  these are actions not reflective of the person as a rational being. The action done is performed without conscious deliberation, knowledge and with the absence of freewill. CONSTITUENTS of HUMAN ACTS Known and deliberate  There is prior knowledge of the consequences and there was a deliberate evaluation whether to fulfil an action or not. Free  Free from any external factors in doing a certain action. Not forced. Not intimidated. Voluntary  There is the presence of willingness of an individual to perform action. ELEMENTS in determining MORALITY The object/Act  The human action itself.  “WHAT” The circumstances  Refers to the persons involved, the time, place, and occasion that surround an object/act.  WHO, WHEN, WHERE, HOW The intention  The purpose or the reason behind the act  WHY LESSON 3: HOW TO BE CONSISTENTLY MORAL? Consistent  Acting or done in the same way over time.  Things done consistently will develop into a “HABIT”. Habit  Behaviours done out of repetition over the course of our life. It is learned from the environment we are exposed to. THE DIFFERENCE of VIRTUES and VICES Virtues  Behaviours showing high moral standards

Types of Virtues

1. Cardinal Virtues – the central or pivotal aspect of behaviour which is the definition of high moral standards and values within a human being.  Prudence  Temperance  Fortitude  justice 2. Theological PRUDENCE  The habit of practical reason which enables one to judge promptly on particular cases or actions on what is to be done or omitted.  “RIGHT REASON APPLIED TO PRACTICE” Prudence Characteristics  Practical Memory  Understanding  Docility  Ingenuity  Foresight  Circumspection  Caution FORTITUDE  Enables one to endure pain, danger, and death with calmness of reason.  Physical Strength = Will power Two Forms of Fortitude 1. Active Function 2. Passive Function JUSTICE  Moderation between selfishness and selflessness.  “GIVING WHAT IS DUE”  Justice = Equality  Justice = Equity TEMPERANCE  Moderation in action, thought, or feeling; restraint. VICES  Immoral or wicked behaviour BIBLICALLY CHARACTERIZED BT THE 7 DEADLY SINS LUST  Disordered desire for or inordinate enjoyment for sexual pleasure. GLUTTONY  Over indulgence of a person in consuming food more than what is required. GREED  Desire to possess excessive wealth, material goods or anything of value.

SLOTH

 Avoidance of physical or spiritual work. ENVY  Excessive desire to have a quality, possession, or other desirable attribute belonging to (someone else). WRATH  Inordinate and uncontrolled feeling of hatred and danger. PRIDE  Desire to be more important or attractive than others, failing to acknowledge their goodness. LESSON 4: MAN AS THE MORAL AGENT The Creation Story (Genesis 1:26-28) What can we draw from this passage?

As a creation of God
As an image and likeness of God
As a social being
As a steward CREATION OFGOD  From the very start, God created all his creations with freedom. Humans are no exceptions.  “Human is a subject”  Hence, no one should be treated as an object. IMAGE AND LIKENESS  From the very start, God was proud with all his creations. He was satsfied with the way they look.  “Humans are uniquely beautiful”  Regardless of how you look and your status you are looked upon with pride by God. SOCIAL BEING  From the beginning, humans were created with a companion. Man and woman; Adam and Eve.  “Man or woman is not alone”  Everyone is there to rely and support each other. STEWARDS OF CREATION  From the beginning, humans were created after the other creations. “Dominion” to rule over these creature.  “Human is part of the material world”  To rule prudently and care for these things. LESSON 5: GUIDES TO CHRISTIAN MORALITY Symbol  Representation of something ABSTRACT. Signs  Instruction and/or INFORMATION. Christian Morality  The morality for Christians considers the presence of a “SIGN” which gives out guidelines to follow.

 To be conscious of the possibility of breaking the harmonious relationship one has with the community. Christ’s Commandment  For Christ, the Laws and the Commandments boils down to two things:

Love God (Commandments 1-3)
Love Others (Commandments 4-10)  It is useless to know of the commandments if the essence of each of the commandments would not be highlighted. LESSON 6: GUIDES TO CHRISTIAN MORALITY Social Teachings  Principles for reflection on human dignity and key societal concerns. History:  Pope Leo XIII – RERUM NOVARUM, 1891(1st Encyclical) “The Condition of Labor” Encyclicals:  Message of the Church to Society. Pattern of the 8 themes Life and Dignity of the Human Person  Respect for Human Life  Human Life is sacred  Upholding the dignity of humans are the starting point for every social teaching. Common Good = Greatest Good for the Greatest number of people (Utilitarianism) = Greatest Good for ALL. Call to Family, Community and Participation  How we organize society in economics, politics, and law or policy directly affects human dignity and community. Rights and Responsibility  Human Dignity can only be protected if all human rights are protected and responsibilities of all human beings are met. Option for the Poor and Vulnerable  Poor = Financially, emotionally, etc.  Challenge for the Church to be PRO – POOR. The Dignity and the Rights of Workers  The rights to productive work, to decent and fair wages, to the organization of unions, to private property, and to economic initiative are all part of protecting the dignity of work. Solidarity  Loving neighbours: locally, nationally, and internationally Care for God’s Creation  Called to protect people and the planet by living our faith with respect for God’s creation. Subsidiarity  Clearly determining the right amount of help or support that is needed to accomplish a task to meet an obligation.  Not too much, not too less Universal Destination of Goods  Everyone has the right to access goods to meet their needs.  No one has the right to squander resources when others are in need. Person – Centered Morality  Focuses on the “MOTIVATION” to evaluate the character of the other.  Other factors: - Ignorance - Concupiscence - Violence - Fear - Habit  Some acts are more informative of a person’s moral characters compared to others due to multiple factors.

Christian Living Faith 102 Morality, Lecture notes of Theology

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Download Christian Living Faith 102 Morality and more Lecture notes Theology in PDF only on Docsity!

PRELIMS CFE 102

LESSON 1

SLOTH