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chapter 12 - characterizing & classifying eukaryotes, Summaries of Microbiology

York UniversityMicrobiology

a full and detailed chapter summary of the chapter in the required book for readingare

Typology: Summaries

2017/2018

Uploaded on 02/19/2023

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ronaldo-d 🇨🇦

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Chapter 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
The fusion of two gametes produces
A) zygote.
B) schizont.
C) chromatid.
D)centromere.
E) merozoite.
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
A) animals; usually diploid
B) fungi; usually diploid
C) protozoa; usually diploid
D) slime mold; usually haploid
E) plants; usually diploid
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
A) Diplomonadida; two nuclei
B) Rhizaria; pseudopodia
C) Parabasala; two mitochondria
D) Euglenids; flagellum
E) Ciliophora; cilia
Which of the following is a protozoan stage that allows for
transmission of intestinal parasites from one host to another?
A) cyst
B) merozoite
C) schizont
D) foraminifera
E) kinetoplast
Single-celled eukaryotes lacking a cell wall are
A) protozoa.
B) fungi.
C) algae.
D) insects.
E) water molds.
Which of the following is a protozoan with two nuclei and no
mitochondria?
A) Plasmodium
B)Parameciu
C) Euglena
D) Giardia
E) Trichomonas
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pf3
pf4
pf5

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Chapter 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes The fusion of two gametes produces A) zygote. B) schizont. C) chromatid. D)centromere. E) merozoite. Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? A) animals; usually diploid B) fungi; usually diploid C) protozoa; usually diploid D) slime mold; usually haploid E) plants; usually diploid Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? A) Diplomonadida; two nuclei B) Rhizaria; pseudopodia C) Parabasala; two mitochondria D) Euglenids; flagellum E) Ciliophora; cilia Which of the following is a protozoan stage that allows for transmission of intestinal parasites from one host to another? A) cyst B) merozoite C) schizont D) foraminifera E) kinetoplast Single-celled eukaryotes lacking a cell wall are A) protozoa. B) fungi. C) algae. D) insects. E) water molds. Which of the following is a protozoan with two nuclei and no mitochondria? A) Plasmodium B) Parameciu C) Euglena D) Giardia E) Trichomonas

Which of the following has NOT been a basis for classification of the protozoa? A) means of locomotion B) genetic sequences C) photosynthetic ability D) habitat E) ability to form a dormant stage The ________ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism. A) hyphae B)sporangium C) mycelium D) pseudoplasmodium E) conidiophore The asexual spores of molds are classified according to their A) size. B) type of metabolism. C) number of chromosomes. D) shapes. E) mode of development. Which of the following is a cell type associated with sexual reproduction in fungi? A) sporangiospore B) dikaryon C) haustoria D) pneumocyst E) mycorrhiza Fungal spores produced asexually within a sac-like chamber at the tip of a hypha are called A) ascospores. B) basidiospores. C) sporangiospores. D) conidia. E) zygospores. The large seaweed known as kelp is classified as a member of the A) Chlorophyta. B) Phaeophyta. C) Chrysophyta. D) Rhodophyta. E) Deuteromycete.

The process in which the cytoplasm is divided between daughter cells is known as A) coenocytosis. B) budding. C) meiosis. D) cytokinesis. E) nuclear division Simple eukaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis and reproduce by means of alternation of generations are known as A) algae. B) fungi. C) slime molds. D) euglenids. E) arachnids. Single-celled organisms called ciliates are A) fungi. B) protozoa. C) insects. D) algae. E) water molds. Fungi called Deuteromycetes are not known to reproduce sexually. Nonetheless, most of them are considered members of the ________ on the basis of genetic sequences. A) Zygomycota B) Basidiomycota C) Ascomycota D) Sporozoa E) Rhizaria Multicellular organisms with hard exoskeletons, segmented bodies and four pairs of jointed legs in the adult stage are A) algae. B) arachnids. C) insects. D)helminths. E) lice. Which of the following is transmitted by mosquitoes? A) African sleeping sickness B) malaria C) ringworm D) tapeworms E) typhus

True/False Questions Haploid genomes contain two sets of chromosomes. F Fungi reproduce only asexually. F Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall and can be unicellular or multicellular. F Ciliates often have two kinds of nuclei that have different functions. T In fungi, aseptate hyphae are coenocytic by definition. T Algae can have different types of photosynthetic pigments that allow them to photosynthesize at various depths in water. T Lyme disease is vectored by ticks. T In spite of their name, water molds are not true fungi. T Current classification of the algae is based on morphologic characteristics. F Short Answer Questions The fever and chills associated with malaria are due to the release of uninucleate daughter cells of Plasmodium called (gametocytes/ schizonts /coencytes). The vegetative stage of a protozoan is called a (cyst/ trophozoite /zygote). The (fungi/algae/ lichens ) are so sensitive to pollutants that they are used as indicators of environmental conditions. Protozoa that move and feed by the use of broad pseudopods are called (amoebozoa/apicomplexa/ rhizaria ). Limestone is made up of the shells of ( foraminifera /parabasala/radiolarians). Slime molds are classified with protozoa in part because they have (flagella/ pseudopods /shells). Modified hyphae that allow fungi to derive nutrients from other living organisms are (septate/pseudohyphae/ haustoria ). The plague is transmitted by ( fleas /lice/ticks/mites). Microbiologists interested in parasites study multicellular (insects/fungi/ worms ) as well as single-celled protozoa.

  • Reproduce in one of two ways: asexually through mitosis, or sexually through meiosis.
  • Sexual reproduction occurs far less frequently than asexual production and usually only when necessary to adapt to environmental change.
  • Asexual reproduction happens through vegetative spores, through mycelial fragmentation or through budding.
  • Vegetative reproduction occurs when a single haploid cell produces millions of spores through mitosis that are genetically identical to the original cell. These spores are incubated within a structure called a sporangium and are dispersed through a variety of means, such as being carred by wind, latching onto other organisms and even floating in water. Once these spores find a viable environment, they begin to grow and reproduce.
  • Mycelial fragmentation occurs when the fungus breaks down into many separate fragments and each of these grow into a new organism that is genetically identical to the original.
  • Unlike most fungus, yeast uses a different asexual method of reproduction known as budding, in which an offspring is formed and pinched off of the original cell. Due to the need to adapt to new environments, most fungi also have the ability to reproduce sexually, through meiosis. This process involves two different strains of haploid cells fusing together to create a diploid spore, known as a zygospore. The resulting offspring contain genetic characteristics of both parents. Describe the ways in which algae and fungi are useful microbes
  • Algae and fungi are useful both in the biosphere in general and to humans in particular.
  • Algae are photosynthetic = they are major contributors to the Earth's oxygen supply; one group of algae (the diatoms) is the Earth's major source of oxygen, simply because of their vast numbers.
  • Algae are also a foundation of the biosphere's food chain in their role as plankton. Algae are a source of chemicals, such as agar and alginic acid, that can be used as thickening agents and emulsifiers in industrial products.
  • Fungi are useful on two levels.
  • In nature, they serve as recyclers of organic molecules and help plants retrieve water and nutrients from the soil.
  • For humans, fungi play an enormous role in the food industry (in the manufacture of cheeses, bread, alcoholic beverages, and other items) and in medicine (in the production of antibiotics and other drugs). Fungi have also been instrumental tools in genetic research.