Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Overview of Key Topics and Concepts, Slides of Biochemistry

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Biochemistry

Presented by: Abigail Atiwag

Biochemistry is the branch of science that deals with the study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. It combines principles from biology and chemistry to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying life processes, including metabolism, cellular functions, and the structure and function of biomolecules. Here are key topics in biochemistry:

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosidic bonds, carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen storage, and cellular recognition (e.g., glycoproteins, glycolipids). Lipids : Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, lipid bilayers, membrane structure, lipid metabolism, lipid signaling, and lipid-protein interactions.

Enzymes and Catalysis

Enzyme structure and function : Active sites, enzyme-substrate interactions, enzyme specificity, enzyme kinetics (Michaelis- Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plot), allosteric regulation, and enzyme inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, mixed).

Metabolism

Metabolic pathways : Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.

Metabolism

Metabolic regulation : Hormonal regulation (insulin, glucagon), energy homeostasis, metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome), metabolic flux analysis, and metabolic pathways in different cell types and tissues.

Bioenergetics

Redox reactions : Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, electron carriers (NADH, FADH2), redox potentials, electron donors and acceptors, and energy transduction in biological systems.

Cellular Signaling

Signal transduction pathways : Receptor-ligand interactions, second messengers (cAMP, cGMP, IP3, DAG), protein kinases, protein phosphorylation, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and intracellular signaling cascades.

Molecular Genetics

DNA replication : DNA polymerases, DNA replication fork, DNA repair mechanisms (e.g., mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair), telomeres, and telomerase.

Molecular Genetics

Gene expression : Transcription factors, RNA polymerase,

promoter regions, enhancers, silencers, RNA splicing, mRNA

processing, RNA stability, translation, ribosomes, and protein

synthesis regulation.

Structural Biology

Biomolecular complexes : Protein-protein interactions, protein- ligand interactions, protein-DNA interactions, membrane proteins, ion channels, receptors, and molecular recognition in biological systems.

Biochemistry plays a crucial role in understanding the molecular basis of life, disease mechanisms, drug action, genetic disorders, biotechnology applications, and the development of therapeutics. It provides insights into the intricate biochemical processes that govern living organisms and drives advancements in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental science.