Download BA 300 Final Exam – Romano Questions with Complete Solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
BA 300 Final Exam – Romano Questions with Complete
Solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass.
Utilitarianism - ANSWERS-Decision Rule: maximize the benefits to society and minimize harm Advantages: replaces partially with science Disadvantages: the means do not matter WHAT TO LOOK FOR: -STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS -ATTEMPT TO GET THE BEST RULE -MAXIMIZE BENEFITS FOR SOCIETY -GIRL IN TOWER Theory of Justice: John Rawls - ANSWERS-Decision Rule: favor the least advantaged. Advantages: unbiased approach to social justice Disadvantages: denies free will and concept of meritocracy WHAT TO LOOK FOR: -DECISION MAKDE TO FAVOR THE LEAST ADVANTAGED -SOCIAL CONTRACT -VEIL OF UNAWARENESS Theory of Rights - ANSWERS-Decision Rule:A decision is Ethical if it is free of fraud and force. Do what you want as long as you're not hurting others Advantages: Virtually complete freedom of action with minimal governmental
intrusion Disadvantages: Almost complete disregard of interests of others with a stake in behavior WHAT TO LOOK FOR: -NO LIES -EMPHASIS ON RIGHTS OF DECISION MAKER -EX: BANK LOANS Ethics of Care- Gilligan - ANSWERS-Decision Rule: Focus on relationships, responsibilities and emotions Advantages: protects the weak and dependent Disadvantages: neglects the concept of justice. WHAT TO LOOK FOR: -PRESERVATION OF RELATIONSHIPS -RELIANCE ON EMOTIONAL RESPONSES -EX: CERTAIN SMALL, ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESSES Integrative social contract theory - ANSWERS-Decision Rule: Norm is authentic and not inconsistent with hypernorms Advantages:Accepts variations in cultural norms without succumbing to ethical relativism Disadvantages: "Hypernorm" is vague and it's hard to respond properly when a norm conflicts with a hypernorm Ex: Levi Strauss and underage workers in Bangladesh
Deontological - ANSWERS-focuses on duties, obligations, principles Jack and suzy welch believe if an employee is fired because of ethical violations, it should be: - ANSWERS-made widely known to scare other employees Nozick's theory of rights: Night watchman - ANSWERS-Government What are the three triggers for moral awareness? - ANSWERS-1. moral language is used
- peers think there is a moral issue
- potential for significant harm exists what kinds of things tend to reduce moral awareness? - ANSWERS--group consensus Moral decision making (first and last steps) - ANSWERS--gather the facts -check your gut Performance management systems: - ANSWERS-formal process of articulating employee goals, identifying performance metrics, providing compensation structure Reinforcement theory - ANSWERS-People are likely to behave in ways rewarded Deindividuation - ANSWERS-psychological process where one is focusing attention on the role and expectations that accompany it. reduces the awareness of self -Zimbardo Prison experiment Zimbardo Prison experiment - ANSWERS-Normal people behaved cruelly when placed in position of power The Milgram Experiments - ANSWERS-the subject had to shock someone because the professor told them to. -wanted to see if someone would stop even when told to do something Diffusion of responsibility - ANSWERS--individual disconnect from consequences of actions -not personally responsible -groupthink Factors that lead to diffusion of responsibility - ANSWERS-responsibility: -taken away -shared with others
-obscured by hierarchy -diluted by psychological distance to potential victims Goals - ANSWERS-focus attention on desired outcome and lead individuals to strategize how to achieve Multiple ethical selves: - ANSWERS--act different at home and at office -goal of managers to bring these together Groupthink - ANSWERS--cohesive groups where members are commited and begin to think alike -illusion of morality illusion of morality - ANSWERS-the sense that the group simply wouldn't do anything wrong What does law represent to business conduct? - ANSWERS-many people believe that abiding the law is also ethical, but its not always true U.S. Sentencing Guidelines - ANSWERS--FSGO encourages organizations to create ethics programs that drive integrity and ethical behavior -has culpability score: how much will get fined Kohlberg's three levels: Lvl 1 - ANSWERS-preconventional "whats in it for me?" -rewards and punishments Kohlberg's three levels:lvl 2 - ANSWERS-conventional -most adults at this level -looking outside of self guidance -do it for the greater good -shared norms Kohlberg's three levels: lvl 3 - ANSWERS-post-conventional -principled person makes decisions alone and consistent with principles of rights and justice -rise above the system Fact gathering - ANSWERS-overconfidence of your knowledge about facts Looking at consequences - ANSWERS--you reduce # of consequences -consequences of self greater than others
Moral Disengagement - ANSWERS-most of us behave ethically most of the time because we've internalized standards of good conduct and judge our behavior against these standards Ways of thinking about or behavior that makes bad behavior seem more acceptable (Define moral justification and advantageous comparison) - ANSWERS--use of euphemistic language -moral justification: unethical behavior thought to be okay because it contributes to some socially valued outcome -advantageous comparison: compare own behavior to worse behavior Distorting consequences or reducing personal responsibility: (Def: displacement of responsibility, diffusion, distorting consequences) - ANSWERS--Displacement of responsibility: "my boss made me" -Diffusion of responsibility: reduce personal accountability by looking to others of the group -Distorting consequence- think of negative consequences as less serious than they are Conflicts of interest - ANSWERS-occurs when your judgement or objectivity is compromised Bottom line of conflicts of interest - ANSWERS-should decline a personal benefit and refuse to give or offer a personal benefit to another, if they believe that accepting the benefit will compromise the impartial decision making Influence: - ANSWERS-relationship conflicts Incentive - ANSWERS-a payment or gift as an inducement but not a conflict of interest misuse of a company's personal information - ANSWERS-1. selling employers secrets to the highest bidder
- moonlighting for an employer
- having a friend/family work for the competitor Bribe - ANSWERS-something of value as an inducement Facilitating Payment under the FCPA - ANSWERS-a payment to a foreign official,
political party or party official for "routine governmental action," such as processing papers , issuing permits, and other actions of an official, in order to expedite performance of duties of non-discretionary nature. -legal Whistleblowing - ANSWERS-1. approach your immediate manager first
- leave the company Dangers of whistleblowing - ANSWERS--forced to leave -credibility ruined -family, health and/ or life in jeoprady -incarceration -rewards Labor department - ANSWERS-can force a company to rehire a whistleblower Discipline - ANSWERS--should be done constructive -private -should be appropriately harsh Termination for cause - ANSWERS--instant firing because of something an employee has done poor performance - ANSWERS-based on written documentation such as appraisals downsizing - ANSWERS-slowdowns in work layoffs - ANSWERS-: can result from mergers, acquisitions, relocations, or result of economic business strategy. Survivor syndrome - ANSWERS-decreased morale, lower productivity, distrust and cautiousness in survivors of layoff Expansive View - ANSWERS-businesses must help social problems. have moral obligation to -social responsibility can be profitable Limited View - ANSWERS--corporations do not owe anything -legally bound to make as much profit as possible for stockholders Consent Order - ANSWERS-advertiser agrees to stop Cease and Desist Order - ANSWERS-an order to stop
Culpability Score (what does this word mean?) - ANSWERS--compliance with due diligence - your efforts to prevent the offense (compliance program) -the degree of cooperation during investigation (avoid obstruction of justice) -It doesn't reflect the seriousness of the crime itself; that is reflected in the base penalty Obstruction of justice - ANSWERS-degree of cooperation during an investigation Puffery in advertising - ANSWERS--not illegal -exaggerated claims stakeholder - ANSWERS-will be affected in SOME Way or another, not stock ie: 3rd parties shareholder - ANSWERS-have stock in company
