Download Anatomy and Physiology Review: Respiratory, Digestive, Nervous, and Reproductive Systems and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
ati teas a&p 248 Verified Question and Answers Updated
What is the respiratory system responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER Taking in oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide What are the structures of the respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER mouth, nose, nostrils, throat, larynx, thracea, bronchi, bronchiole, right lung, and left lung What does the nose do? - CORRECT ANSWER Let in oxygen and let out co What is the larnyx? - CORRECT ANSWER voice box what is the trachea? - CORRECT ANSWER windpipe What is is the bronchioles? - CORRECT ANSWER Extension of the bronchi What are alveoli? - CORRECT ANSWER sacs at the end of each bronchoiles What is. the function of the respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER -exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- to maintain pH in the blood oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood the air will flow into your lungs What disease affect the respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia Allergies (The passage way is narrow) What is the Cardiovascular system made of? - CORRECT ANSWER the heart, blood vessel, and the blood What are the four chamber? - CORRECT ANSWER Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, and Left Ventricle What is the Septum? - CORRECT ANSWER Separates the right and left chambers What are the blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER Veins, Arteries, and capillaries What are veins? - CORRECT ANSWER they take blood to the heart the blood is deoxygenated What are arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER they take blood away from the heart
the blood is oxygenated What are capillaries? - CORRECT ANSWER they connect veins and arteries What is the function of the Cardiovascular system? - CORRECT ANSWER blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. Regulate B/P, Maintain body temp, Fight infection, Transport Hormones What is the contraction of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Systole (lub) sound What is the relaxation of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Diastole (dub) sound What is the is the mitral valve closing? - CORRECT ANSWER when the heart contraction When is the semilunar valve closing? - CORRECT ANSWER when diastole relax What is the blood flow throught the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Superior Venna Cava to the Inferior Venna Cava to the Right Atrium to the Tricuspid Valve to the Right Ventricle to the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve to the Pulmonary Artery to the Left Atrium to the Mitral Valve to the Left Ventricle to the Aortic Valve to the Aorta What does the Digestive System consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines, Rectum What organs are included in the Large intestine? - CORRECT ANSWER cecum and colon What does the large intestine do? - CORRECT ANSWER absorb water and electrolytes What is gastric acid? - CORRECT ANSWER kill bacteria and activate protein What is Gastrin? - CORRECT ANSWER hormone produced in the stomach and stimulates acid what is chloecystokininn (CCK) - CORRECT ANSWER produced in the small intestine, stimulates the release of enzymes from at pancreas and bile from liver What is Secretin? - CORRECT ANSWER produced in the small intestine, stimulates production of bicarbonate by the pancreas what is Insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER Produced in the pancreas to help regulate blood sugar levels What is glucogon? - CORRECT ANSWER produced in the pancreas to regulate glucose
What is the skeletal muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER is is attached to the bones and responsible for movement What is the cardiac muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER It is found in the heart and pumps blood throughout the body Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary? - CORRECT ANSWER involuntary what is the smooth muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER found in organs and vessel walls stomach, small intestine, blood vessel (weakest of all ) Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary? - CORRECT ANSWER involuntary What are testies? - CORRECT ANSWER oval shaped organs the produce sperm and testosterone What is the epididymis? - CORRECT ANSWER long coiled tube that stores and transports sperm What is the vas deferens? - CORRECT ANSWER long this tube that carries sperm from epididymis to semi vesicle what is the prostate? - CORRECT ANSWER round gland that produces fluid that helps transport sperm what is semi vesicil? - CORRECT ANSWER sac like structure that produce fluid to nourish sperm what is the penis? - CORRECT ANSWER long organ that carries out urine and sperm What are ovaries? - CORRECT ANSWER oval shaped, produce eggs and horomones What are the fallopian tubes? - CORRECT ANSWER long thin tube that carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus What is an uterus? - CORRECT ANSWER pear shaped and protects the fetus what is the vagina? - CORRECT ANSWER long canal that carries blood, muscoal tissue from the uterus during a period. passageway for intercourse and sperm, and birth canal. what is a vulva? - CORRECT ANSWER external labia, clitoris, uretha What is FHS? - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulating growth for eggs
What does Estrogen do? - CORRECT ANSWER regulates menstrual cycle What does testosterone check? - CORRECT ANSWER production of sperm What is the integumentary system made of? - CORRECT ANSWER skin, nails, hair, and sweat glands Skin Fun fact - CORRECT ANSWER it is the largest organ in the body What is the Epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER otter layer of the skin what does the epidermis do? - CORRECT ANSWER protect from infection What is the dermis? - CORRECT ANSWER where the blood vessels hair follicles, and sweat glads are What is the subcutaneous/ hypodermis layer? - CORRECT ANSWER the inner layer fat What are the layers of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER layer 1 - epidermis layer 2- dermis layer 3- subcutaneous / hypodermis What is the function of the integumentary system? - CORRECT ANSWER protect, regulate body temperature, and sensations What is the function of the endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWER Hormones help regulate growth and development, regulate metabolism, help with reproduction, and help fight infection what is the pituitary gland? - CORRECT ANSWER master gland what is the thyroid gland? - CORRECT ANSWER produce thyroxine and calcatonin What is calcitonin? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate calcium What is thyroxine? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate metabolism what does the pituitary gland produce? - CORRECT ANSWER growth hormone prolactin What does the parathyroid gland produce? - CORRECT ANSWER parathyroid hormone (PTH) , regulate calcium in the blood What does the thymus gland produce? - CORRECT ANSWER produces thymosin, helps develop immune system
what are Helper T cells? - CORRECT ANSWER white blood cells induced other cells to help bind to the antigen what is the Cytotic T-cells? - CORRECT ANSWER they destroy infected cells What are antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER proteins that help help destroy the antigen What are memory cells? - CORRECT ANSWER white blood cells that remember a foreign antigen what is passive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER memory cells made by another individual (mother/baby) what is active immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER body produces it's own memory cells Long bones - CORRECT ANSWER found in arms and legs (femur humers, tibia fibia, ulna, radius) short bones - CORRECT ANSWER wrist and ankels (carpal and tarsals ) flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER ribs, sternum, blades, hips. (thin often curved ) Irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER Vertebrae compact bones - CORRECT ANSWER otter layer spongey bones - CORRECT ANSWER lightweight layer cancellous bone - CORRECT ANSWER spongy bone with small tissue Trabecular - CORRECT ANSWER spongy bone honeycomb shaped brittle bones - CORRECT ANSWER results from mutation What do chemicals do? - CORRECT ANSWER help build cells What is a macromolecule? - CORRECT ANSWER chemicals that are essential to life what are cells? - CORRECT ANSWER basic unit of life what are tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER made of cells and preform similar function how many types of tissues are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 are the 4 types of tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER epithial , connective, muscle, and nervous
what are organs? - CORRECT ANSWER made of tissue that work together to carry out a specific function what is an organ system? - CORRECT ANSWER a group of organs that work together for a specific function how many organ systems does the body have? - CORRECT ANSWER 11 what is an organism? - CORRECT ANSWER made up of one or more organ system how many cell types are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 250 what is the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds cell allowing somethings to enter and exit what is the cytoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER jelly like substance that contains the cells organelles and helps support the structure inside the cell membrane What is a Goligi apparatus? - CORRECT ANSWER helps package and transport molecules within the cell; and process protein and lipids What are lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER enzymes that breakdown food and aid digestion destroying bacteria and viruses what is the mitochandria? - CORRECT ANSWER produce energy for the cell (power house ) What is the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER contains the cells DNA What is DNA responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER cell growth and reproduction and function What is a ribosome? - CORRECT ANSWER help synthesis protein what is protein? - CORRECT ANSWER helps carry out function What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER help package and transport molecules within the cell What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER help transport and package lipidis within the cell What is a vacule? - CORRECT ANSWER stores food, water, and maintain the cells shape
What does the DNA pairs match to? - CORRECT ANSWER A to T C to G What is DNA - CORRECT ANSWER genetic material that contains genes coded with instructions to produce protein in cells what is the difference between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER DNA has 2 strands RNA has 1 strand what does RNA do? - CORRECT ANSWER translate genetic code of DNA into protein What is the difference in Base pairs with DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER Uracil takes the place of Thymine What is mRNA? - CORRECT ANSWER messenger RNA. it carries the genetic code to the nucleus what is tRNA? - CORRECT ANSWER transfer RNA. helps assemble aminoacid into protein what is rRNA? - CORRECT ANSWER Ribosomal RNA. makes up RNA what is the process of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER making protein from RNA What is inheritance? - CORRECT ANSWER traits that are passed to offspring what is mender's law of inheritance? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 alleles for each trait What are the alleles? - CORRECT ANSWER alternative forms of genes what is a genotype? - CORRECT ANSWER combination of two alleles What is heterozygous? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 different alleles for a trait What is homozygous? - CORRECT ANSWER two alleles that are identical what is a polymer? - CORRECT ANSWER Macromolecules made of smaller units called covalent bonds linked monomers what is dehydration? - CORRECT ANSWER formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants what is hydrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER breaking down bonds to break monomers what are the 4 types of macromolecules? - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
what are carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. example: sugars and starches what are monosaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER simple sugars What are disaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER multiple sugars. 2 covalent bonds sugars What are lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. important for energy and storage (fatty acids) what are proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur. amino acids linked by proteins What are nucleic acids? - CORRECT ANSWER carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phourous. store and transport genetic information mircoorganism - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be seen with the naked eye, tiny organism that requires the use of a microscope what is bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER single celled organism that live in many environments. Does bacteria have a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER NO What is bacteria considered? - CORRECT ANSWER prokaryotes what is a virus? - CORRECT ANSWER smaller than bacteria only seen with the microscope not considered alive because they cannot reproduce. what are protozoans? - CORRECT ANSWER they feed on other cells and divide what is fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Eukaryotes, and have a nucleus what is infectious disease? - CORRECT ANSWER spread from one person to another. (bacteria, viruses, fungi) What is a communicable disease? - CORRECT ANSWER a disease that is spread from one host to another what is a non infectious diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER not caused by person to person. what is an example of noninfectious disease? - CORRECT ANSWER heart disease, diabetes, cancer
What is a valence electron? - CORRECT ANSWER located on the otter shell of the electrons what are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER formed with atoms and trade electrons what are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER atoms that share electrons (coparent) what is matter? - CORRECT ANSWER anything that has matter and takes up space what is physical properties? - CORRECT ANSWER different properties of a substance that can change there state without changing identity (water) what is mass? - CORRECT ANSWER amount of matter in an object measured by the inertia and in grams what is volume? - CORRECT ANSWER the amount of space an object occupies. measured in liters What is density? - CORRECT ANSWER the mass of an object divided by its volume what is a solid? - CORRECT ANSWER definite shape in volume. molecules tightly packed together what is a liquid? - CORRECT ANSWER definite volume, shape of whatever there in. molecules not packed together as tightly what is a gas? - CORRECT ANSWER No definite shape or volume. molecules are further apart where is plasma? - CORRECT ANSWER found in the stars and it is gas that is ionized. what is temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER Measures the genetic energy what is pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER measure of force exerted on an object by surrounding atmosphere what is condensation? - CORRECT ANSWER gas to liquid what is evaporation? - CORRECT ANSWER liquid to gas what is sublimation? - CORRECT ANSWER solid to gas what is deposition? - CORRECT ANSWER gas to solid what is melting? - CORRECT ANSWER solid to liquid
what is freezing? - CORRECT ANSWER liquid to solid What is a catlyst? - CORRECT ANSWER they speed up reaction what does a endothermic reaction do? - CORRECT ANSWER absorb heat what does exothermic reaction do? - CORRECT ANSWER release heat what is the colesion? - CORRECT ANSWER similar molecules surrounding and binding to another what is allesion? - CORRECT ANSWER disimilar molecules binding with other molecules what is solvent? - CORRECT ANSWER dissolves in another substance What is a solute? - CORRECT ANSWER dissolves in another solvent (sugar) what is hydrophobic? - CORRECT ANSWER water fearing (oil) what is hydrophilic? - CORRECT ANSWER water loving (sugar) what is osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWER water molecules moving from high water concentration to a low area of concentrstion What is a semi-permeable membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER barrier that allows some molecules to pass through but not others what is duffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER molecules moving from a high area of concentration to a low area of concentration what is passive transport? - CORRECT ANSWER no energy required , only molecules in motion what is active transport? - CORRECT ANSWER molecules moving from low concentration to high concentration what is acid? - CORRECT ANSWER molecules that increase concentration of hydrogen ion s in solution what are pH ranges? - CORRECT ANSWER 0- most acidic 7 neutral 14 basic what do we want pH ranges to be? - CORRECT ANSWER 7.35 to 7.
