Download ASWB LCSW Complete Exam Prep – 2024 |800 Questions with Answers and Rationales. and more Exams Social Work in PDF only on Docsity!
ASWB LCSW Complete Exam Prep – 2024 |
800 Questions with Answers and Rationales.
What is "Introjection" as a defense mechanism? - Correct answer Considered the most primitive, Internalizing outside influences as your own identity. (focus on identity, commonly seen in adolescents) Examples: -in severe depression- hatred turns toward self -A child takes on their parent's words, characteristics, or beliefs as their own to maintain connection -a trauma survivor takes on a victim identity -a kid "channels" his big brother's characteristics to stand up to a bully -kid internalizes ideas of someone else - "I cant cry it's weak." opposite of projection obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - Correct answer OCPD
- a personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, rigidness, and control never satisfied with achievements ex: Steve Jobs Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) - Correct answer Impulse- control disorder with repeated episodes of unpredictable, impulsive, uncontrollable (not pre-meditated) aggression in which client strikes out at others or destroys property. Failure to restrain aggressive impulses, and response is disproportionate to the situation. Can manifest through arguments, temper tantrums, verbal/physical aggression. Not persistently irritable mood and can be present for adults. More severe than ODD.
Dx if at least 6+ yrs old, and "explosion" occurs 2 or more times a week for at least 3 months (OR child has had 3 incidents of impulsive/uncontrollable physical injury/property destruction in the last year) Conduct Disorder (CD) - Correct answer a pattern of repetitive behavior in which the rights of others or social norms are violated. Bullying, intimidating, truancy, lack of remorse or empathy, premeditated harmful behaviors, theft, aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, theft, serious transgression of rules Occuring within a 1-year period (with at least one symptom present for 6 months straight), and onset before age 13. Leads to antisocial personality disorder after 18. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) - Correct answer a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior. Involves severe, recurrent temper outbursts with a persistent/chornic irritable and angry mood between outbursts on most days. Lasting at least 1 year with no more than 3 month periods between symptom episodes On average, outbursts occur 3+ times/wk Age of onset before 10 yrs Diagnosed between 6-18 yrs What does KSA stand for? - Correct answer knowledge, skills, and abilities What is the order of the Social Work process? (6) - Correct answer
- Engagement
- Assessment
- Planning
- Conflict Theory
- Rational Choice Theory
- Social Constructionist Theory
- Psychodynamic Theory
- Developmental Theory
- Social Behavioral Theory
- Humanistic Perspective Systems Theory - Correct answer Multiple parts in an environment are interrelated where each part impacts all other parts as well as the system as a whole. Conflict Theory - Correct answer The idea that conflict between competing interests, resources, and power is the basic motivating force of social change and society in general Rational Choice Theory - Correct answer By nature, people are rationale and goal oriented and will try to maximize rewards and minimize costs. Behavior is explained when viewed through self- interest. Social Constructionist Theory - Correct answer Social reality is created when clients develop a common understanding of their world through social interaction. They are influenced by social processes that are grounded in customs, as well as cultural and historical contexts. (BLM, Nationalists, Native American, etc.) Psychodynamic Theory - Correct answer Human behavior is motivated by conscious and unconscious mental activity where experiences, particularly in developmental years, are central. Defense mechanisms are used to avoid being overwhelmed.
Developmental Theory - Correct answer Human development is a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Development occurs in defined, age-related stages that build upon one another. Social Behavioral Theory - Correct answer Human behavior is learned when clients interact with the environment through association, reinforcement, and imitation. Behavior and can be changed through techniques such as classical and operant conditioning. Humanistic Perspective - Correct answer Each client is responsible for their own choices and have the capacity to change themselves. Human behavior is driven by a desire for growth, meaning, and competence. Behaving in ways inconsistent to this causes anxiety. Why does social development matter? - Correct answer Human beings are inherently social. Developing competencies in this domain enhances a person's mental health, success in work, and the ability to achieve life tasks. In order of research development, who were the prominent theorists of developmental research and their associated research? (5) - Correct answer 1. Sigmund Freud (Psychosexual)
- Erik Erickson (Psychosocial)
- Jean Piaget (Cognitive)
- Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral)
- James Fowler (Spiritual) Who developed the psychosocial theory of Life Stages? - Correct answer Erick Erickson How many life stages are there in Erickson's theory? - Correct answer 8
Maladaption: Lack of vision or ambition What are the crisis and outcomes of the 5th psychosocial stage of development? - Correct answer 5. Adolescent: 13-20's Crisis: Identity Vs. Role Confusion Completion: Passion, sense of self Maladaption: Fanaticism or lack of direction What are the crisis and outcomes of the 6th psychosocial stage of development? - Correct answer 6. Young Adulthood: 20's -early 40's Crisis: Intimacy Vs. Isolation Completion: Connection and affiliation Maladaption: Promiscuity and/or loneliness What are the crisis and outcomes of the 7th psychosocial stage of development? - Correct answer 7. Middle Adulthood: 40's-60's Crisis: Generativity Vs. Stagnation Completion: Production, part of a bigger picture Maladaption: over extension and/or unproductive What are the crisis and outcomes of the 8th psychosocial stage of development? - Correct answer 8. Late Adulthood: Late 60's+ Crisis: Integrity Vs. Despair Completion: Wisdom Maladaption: Disdain, lack of fulfilment What are the most prominent markers of social and emotional development? (3) - Correct answer 1. The ability to pay attention
- The ability to transition from one activity to another
- The ability to cooperate with others Who developed the theory of Cognitive Development? - Correct answer Jean Piaget
How many stages are in Piaget's theory of cognitive development? - Correct answer 4 What are the 4 stages of cognitive development and their respective ages? - Correct answer 1. Sensorimotor (birth-2yrs)
- Pre-Operational (2-7yrs)
- Concrete Operations (7-11 yrs)
- Formal Operations (11+) Sensory Motor Stage - Correct answer Stage 1 (0-2) -Explores through senses: touch, movement, sounds, listening, reflex -Develops object permanence -Develops primitive logic in manipulating objects -Play is imitative What is object permanence? - Correct answer The understanding that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight Pre Operational Stage - Correct answer Stage 2 (2-7) -Acquires words and symbols -Timeline awareness (able to comprehend past, present, and future) -Symbolic play (pretend, imagination) -Thinking is concrete, irreversible, and egocentric -Cannot see another's point of view Concrete Operations Stage - Correct answer Stage 3 (7-11) -Beginning of abstract thought -Relates to past/present/future -Understanding concrete rules about objects (height, weight, volume -Conservation -Able to play games with rules
(In other words, it's both and cannot be separated) How many levels of cognition are there? - Correct answer 6 What are the 6 levels of cognition? - Correct answer 1. Knowledge
- Comprehension
- Application
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Evaluation Knowledge - Correct answer memorization, recognition, or recall of facts Comprehension - Correct answer Understanding what the facts mean Application - Correct answer Correct use of the facts, rules, or ideas Analysis - Correct answer Breaking down information into component parts Synthesis - Correct answer Combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole Evaluation - Correct answer Judging or forming and opinion about the information or situation Who developed the theory of Moral Development? - Correct answer Lawrence Kohlberg How many levels are in the the Moral Development Theory? - Correct answer 3
What are the levels in the Moral Development Theory? (3) - Correct answer 1. Pre-conventional (Elementary, before 9yo)
- Conventional (Early adolescence)
- Post-conventional (Adult) How many stages are in the Moral Development Theory? - Correct answer 6 What is the pre-conventional level of morality? (stages 1 and 2) - Correct answer Stage 1: Obedience motivated by fear of punishment Stage2: Obedience motivated by self-interest (reward) -immature level of morality What is the Conventional level of morality? (stages 3 and 4) - Correct answer Stage 3: Externally motivated, gain approval from others (good boy/girl orientation) Stage 4: Motivated to maintain social systems and avoid guilt or censure (fines, demotions, jail, judgement, etc). Obeys laws and fulfills obligations. (driving rules, taxes, work expectations, etc) What is the Post-Conventional level of morality? (stages 5 and 6)
- Correct answer Stage 5: Motivated to be "right," genuine interest in the welfare of others or individual rights Stage 6: Motivated by principle and ethics rather than alliances or fear of judgement. Focused on broad, universal ethical principals. What level is the stereotypical norm of morality reached by adults? - Correct answer Conventional What is the least attained level of morality? - Correct answer Post- conventional
individual and their environment, not internal thoughts or feelings. A change in behavior creates a change in undesired feelings, not the other way around. (right acting leads to right feeling...build self-esteem by doing esteemable things, etc.) What is the focus of behaviorism? - Correct answer Observing and controlling behavior What are the two fundamental classes of behavior? - Correct answer -Respondent (behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus (anxiety, crying, blinking, etc.) -Operant (voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the environment) What are the best-known applications of behavior modification? - Correct answer sexual dysfunctions, phobic disorders, elimination disorders, compulsive behaviors (overeating or smoking) and training persons with intellectual disabilities and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder What are the advantages of client self-monitoring their own behaviors? - Correct answer inexpensive compared to residential care, practical, empowering, gained insight What are the disadvantages of client self-monitoring their own behaviors? - Correct answer inadequate or inaccurate information, bias or lack of insight, resistance to collecting information or patterns Who developed respondent/classical conditioning? - Correct answer Pavlov
What is respondent/classical conditioning - Correct answer Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned or automatic stimulus so that the neutral stimulus eventually elicits the same response. (Pavlov's dogs. The food is the stimulus, salivating is the automatic response, the bell is the neutral stimulus. Pairing the bell with food is the conditioning. Eventually, the bell elicits salivation on its own.) Who developed Operant Conditioning? - Correct answer Skinner What is operant conditioning? - Correct answer a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences, both positive and negative, reward and punishment Antecedent --> Response/Behavior --> Consequence What are the four operant techniques? - Correct answer 1. Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
- Positive punishment
- Negative punishment What is positive reinforcement? - Correct answer Receiving a reward when a desired behavior is performed (praise, reward) What is negative reinforcement? - Correct answer Removing something negative as a result of desired behavior (removing hitting/shocking, or leash) What is positive punishment? - Correct answer adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease undesirable behavior (hitting, shocking)
(also exposure therapy, but with levels and in real life, not imagined. What is "modeling" in therapy? - Correct answer A behavior modification technique where the behavior is modeled by the therapist (boundaries, direct communication, conflict management, ect.) Funneling therapeutic technique - Correct answer Funneling (a.k.a. narrowing the focus) involves asking a series of questions designed to help a client describe their concerns or situation with more specificity. Fogging therapeutic technique - Correct answer A technique used to defuse attacks by angry clients who are verbally aggressive. With fogging, you offer no resistance to the client, avoid responding to them with either anger or defensiveness, and calmly acknowledge that they may have legitimate reasons for their anger, criticism of you, etc., that their perceptions of the situation that has upset them are correct, etc. When the client sees that their verbal attacks have no effect on you, they may abandon them mirroring (Therapeutic Communication) - Correct answer Mirroring generally involves speaking at a client's pace and in a way that matches her nonverbal behavior. It can be effective for bringing attention to aspects of a client's behavior and for reinforcing desired behaviors. For example, when using mirroring to reduce a client's defensiveness, you would follow her nondefensive communications with verbal and nonverbal behavior that mirrors (imitates) theirs. What is Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)? - Correct answer A form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that targets a client's irrational
beliefs through rational reevaluation, perspective shifts, and rational arguments. Therapist teaches the client to do the same to counter and replace self-defeating thought processes. What is "shaping" in operant conditioning? - Correct answer Rewarding increasingly specific behaviors towards desired behavioral goal What is "Systematic Desensitization" and how is it implemented?
- Correct answer Type of Exposure therapy based on classical conditioning -Make a hierarchy of fears -Associate least feared item with relaxation response -Work up through the hierarchy until they can relax to most intense item, rewarded at each level -Treatment option for anxiety/phobias What is the premise of Systemic Desensitization? - Correct answer An anxiety-inhibiting response cannot occur at the same time as the anxiety response. What is Systemic Desensitization used to treat? - Correct answer Phobias, pre-existing or extreme trauma responses What is a Token Economy? - Correct answer Behavioral conditioning where client's or students receive tokens as reinforcement for specified behaviors. Tokens function as currency within the environment for desired rewards. What kind of conditioning is Token Economy based on? - Correct answer Operant conditioning what is shaping in operant conditioning? - Correct answer Rewarding increasingly specific behaviors. The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response.
What are signs of healthy growth and development in young children ages 4-6? - Correct answer Physical—grows at a slower rate; improving motor skills; dresses self, toilet trained Mental—begins to use symbols; improving memory; vivid imagination, fears; likes stories Social-Emotional—identifies with parent(s); becomes more independent; sensitive to others' feelings Communication—give praise, rewards, clear rules Health—keep immunizations/checkups on schedule; promote healthy habits (good nutrition, personal hygiene, etc.) Safety—promote safety habits (use bike helmets, safety belts, etc.) Examples of age-specific care for young children:Involve parent(s) and child in care—let child make some food choices Use toys and games to teach child and reduce fear Encourage child to ask questions, play with others, and talk about feelings Help parent(s) teach child safety rules What are signs of healthy growth and development in older children ages 7-12? - Correct answer Physical—grows slowly until a "spurt" at puberty Mental—understands cause and effect, can read, write, do math; active, eager learner Social-Emotional—develops greater sense of self; focuses on school activities, negotiates for greater independence Communication—help child to feel competent, useful Health—keep immunizations/checkups on schedule; give information on alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, and sexuality Safety—promote safety habits (playground safety, resolving conflicts peacefully, etc.) Examples of age-specific care -Allow child to make some care decisions (in which arm do you want vaccination?) Build self-esteem—ask child to help with tasks, recognize his or her achievements, and so on
Guide child in making healthy, safe lifestyle choicesHelp parent(s) talk with child about peer pressure, sexuality, alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs Sexuality in infants and toddlers - Correct answer Children are sexual even before birth.-Males can have erections while still in the uterus, and some boys are born with an erection. -Infants touch and rub their genitals because it provides pleasure. -Little boys and girls can experience orgasm from masturbation, although boys will not ejaculate until puberty. -By about age 2, children know their own gender. They are aware of differences in the genitals of males and females and in how males and females urinate. Sexuality in children (age 3-7) - Correct answer -Preschool children may practice urinating in different positions. -They are highly affectionate and enjoy hugging other children and adults. They can imitate adult social and sexual behaviors, such as holding hands and kissing. -Many young children play "doctor" during this stage, looking at other children's genitals and showing theirs out of normal curiosity. -By age 5 or 6, most children become more modest and private about dressing and bathing. -Role play about being married or having a partner while they "play house." -Most sex play at this age happens because of curiosity. What is the basic trajectory of all spiritual development theories over the lifespan? (4) - Correct answer 1. Egocentric- -Individuals unwilling to accept a will greater than their own. Behavior is chaotic, reckless, lacks empathy, and defies rules. Most consistent with young children, but adults who never move through this phase often engage in criminal activity.
