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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-4 STUDY MATERIAL
QUESTIONS WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS
A VERIFIED A+ PASS
“An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior
would be considered abnormal because it is: - CORRECT ANSWER dysfunctional"
"Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and
work productively? - CORRECT ANSWER dysfunction"
"A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of
abnormality? - CORRECT ANSWER danger"
"The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under
investigation (in an experiment) is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER control group"
"The paradigm or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior
would have been: - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive"
"The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the: -
CORRECT ANSWER biological model"
"The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in
behavior is the: - CORRECT ANSWER psychodynamic model"
"The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the: - CORRECT ANSWER behavioral
model"
"Dr. Romero is using a number of tests and techniques in an attempt to identify the factors that are influencing her client's functioning. Dr. Romero is engaging in a process more formally defined as
- CORRECT ANSWER assessment"
"Which of the following IQ scores indicates average intelligence? - CORRECT ANSWER 100"
"Which of the following clinical scales of the MMPI-2 is designed to measure antisocial tendencies and
moral attitudes? - CORRECT ANSWER psychopathic deviate"
"The extent to which an individual ascribes to stereotypic sex-role behaviors and attitudes is measured
by which scale of the MMPI-2? - CORRECT ANSWER masculinity-femininity"
"Samantha has persistent delusions that the CIA is trying to kill her. Based on this information, on
which subscale of the MMPI-2 would she be likely to score highly? - CORRECT ANSWER
paranoio" "The _____ technique requires the test-taker to comment on what he or she sees when presented
with an ambiguous stimulus. - CORRECT ANSWER projective"
"Which of the following is the most famous projective technique? - CORRECT ANSWER
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)" "Which projective test consists of stimuli that are a series of black-and-white ink drawings and
photographs portraying people in a variety of ambiguous contexts? - CORRECT ANSWER
Thematic Apperception Test" "Pablo's therapist is telling him to look at black-and-white drawings that portray people in a variety of
"In prehistoric times, skulls of the living had holes cut out of them, a process called _____,
apparently in an effort to release the evil spirits from the person's head. - CORRECT ANSWER
trephining"
"Who among the following developed psychoanalysis in the early 1900s? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sigmund Freud"
"The _____ theory sought explanations of abnormal behavior in the unconscious psychological
processes. - CORRECT ANSWER psychoanalytic"
"Dr. Andrew's system of practice for treating individuals with abnormalities relies heavily on the concepts of the unconscious mind, dream analysis, and inhibited sexual impulses. Dr. Andrew is
most likely to be a proponent of the _____ theory. - CORRECT ANSWER psychoanalytic"
"In the _____, scientists experimenting with pharmacological treatments invented medications that for the first time in history could successfully control the symptoms of psychological
disorders. - CORRECT ANSWER 1950s"
"Which of the following is the essence of the scientific method in the understanding and
treatment of abnormal behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER objectivity"
"An experimenter gives one group of depressed subjects a certain amount of the medication Prozac and another group of depressed subjects a comparatively higher dose. Then she measures the number of violent or suicidal thoughts members of both groups have. In this situation, the
independent variable is - CORRECT ANSWER the measure of medication administered"
"When using the experimental design, the variable whose level is adjusted or controlled by the
experimenter is known as the _____ variable. - CORRECT ANSWER independent"
"A dependent variable is best defined as - CORRECT ANSWER the variable whose value is the
outcome of the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable"
"Which of the following is true of the placebo condition? - CORRECT ANSWER If the study is
evaluating effectiveness of medication, the placebo has inert ingredients" "Michelle, who is recovering from schizophrenia, is being released from the psychiatric hospital because her symptoms are under control. Michelle's living skills, however, are still inadequate since she has been institutionalized for quite some time. What will her therapist most likely
suggest? - CORRECT ANSWER placement in a halfway house"
"James is a person with schizophrenia who has delusions that the CIA is after him. He has been brought to a psychologist by the police after being arrested for assaulting an elderly woman whom he claimed was trying to kill him. Assuming that testing reveals that he truly is psychotic,
where will the psychologist recommend that he be sent? - CORRECT ANSWER psychiatric
hospital"
"The _____ of a test indicates the consistency of the scores it produces. - CORRECT ANSWER
reliability (reliability = consistency)" "Which of the following terms refers to how well a test measures what it is designed to measure?
CORRECT ANSWER validity (test measures what it is supposed to measure)"
"A series of questions that clinicians administer in a face-to-face interaction with the client that
enables the clinicians to make observations of their clients is known as - CORRECT ANSWER
a clinical interview"
"Which of the following IQ scores indicates average intelligence? - CORRECT ANSWER 100"
"Which of the following makes it possible to determine whether or not a person is lying on the
MMPI-2? - CORRECT ANSWER the reliability scales"
"Which of the following methods is most helpful for revealing cause-and- effect relationships
between variables? - CORRECT ANSWER An experiment"
"Dr. Martin wants to know if a relationship exists between depression and self-esteem. What
would be the best research method to help answer this question? - CORRECT ANSWER A
correlational study"
"What set of criteria are necessary to define a behavior as abnormal? - CORRECT ANSWER
Subjective distress, psychological impairment, culturally inappropriate" "In epidemiological research, which of the following are necessary for effective research
methods? - CORRECT ANSWER Random sampling"
"All of the following are concerns of the naming fallacy EXCEPT which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER Generalizations"
"A criterion for defining abnormal behavior that refers to distressing internal emotions and
experiences which cannot be observed by others is known as _____. - CORRECT ANSWER
subjective distress"
"What does cultural relativity propose? - CORRECT ANSWER A behavior that is considered
abnormal in one cultural context might be appropriate in a different cultural context." "Kerry's set of psychological symptoms is a unique example of abnormal behavior. Her psychiatrist has spent many years studying Kerry's symptoms and the changes in her symptoms
during the course of treatment. What would this study of Kerry's behavior be considered? -
CORRECT ANSWER A case study"
"If John's psychiatrist and psychotherapist disagree on John's mental disorder diagnosis, what is
not being met? - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic reliability"
"All of the following are characteristics of psychologically healthy persons EXCEPT which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER They do not experience unpleasant emotions such as grief,
anger, or fear." "Is it possible to determine a causal relationship between two variables with correlational
research? - CORRECT ANSWER No, there is always the possibility that a third variable is the
cause of the relationship."
"What is a research design in which an individual's behavior is systematically studied under a
variety of experimental conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER A single-subject experimental
study"
"Which of the following statements BEST describes the idea of abnormality as a continuum? -
CORRECT ANSWER The line separating normal from abnormal behavior is difficult to
establish." "A specific behavior is not determined to be culturally inappropriate by itself. What is an
important criterion needed to determine if a behavior is culturally inappropriate? - CORRECT
ANSWER The environment where the behavior happens"
"What information does a scatterplot display? - CORRECT ANSWER The relationship
between two sets of data"
"If we are confident a measure has validity, we are saying _____. - CORRECT ANSWER it is
measuring the behavior it is supposed to be measuring" "_____ was used to treat general paresis by infecting the patient with the disease to cause a high
temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER Malaria fever therapy"
"The ability of patients with hysteria to hypnotize themselves is also known as _____. - CORRECT
ANSWER autosuggestion"
"When a behavior is followed by a satisfying consequence, it is more likely to be repeated; when followed by a punishing consequence, it is less likely to be recur. What is this phenomenon
called? - CORRECT ANSWER The law of effect"
"What is a stimulus that is naturally capable of eliciting the unconditioned response known as? -
CORRECT ANSWER Unconditioned stimulus"
"_____ is a condition where a hysterical patient does not seem concerned or unhappy, and may
even be joyful and relaxed about their condition. - CORRECT ANSWER La belle indifference"
"What is a response that occurs naturally to an unconditioned stimulus called? - CORRECT
ANSWER Unconditioned response"
"The added understanding of the psychological causes of abnormal behavior resulted from what
type of experiments? - CORRECT ANSWER Animal studies"
"Some classical conditioning techniques are designed to increase rather than decrease an
unpleasant arousal that a stimulus can produce. What is this technique called? - CORRECT
ANSWER Covert sensitization"
"According to Freud's depth hypothesis, what is the largest part of the mind? - CORRECT
ANSWER The unconscious"
"_____ involves an irrational emotional reaction of a patient to the therapist in which early
attitudes toward parents are passed on to the therapist. - CORRECT ANSWER Transference"
"Catlyn's inherited genetic material makes up her genotype, and her observable characteristics
make up her _____. - CORRECT ANSWER phenotypes"
"According to psychodynamic theory, what type of conflict forms the basis of psychological
symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Sexual conflict"
"If a therapist were using components of several theories, what type of model would they be
using? - CORRECT ANSWER Integrated"
"Each human body cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, each containing many _____. -
CORRECT ANSWER genes"
"What would we call the contingent presentation of a pleasant outcome which strengthens later
behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER Positive reinforcement"
"What do we call an event, usually biological in nature, where humans share similar sensitivities
and usually provide reinforcement? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary reinforcers"
"If we are studying children who are not being raised by their biological parents, we may be using
the _____ study method. - CORRECT ANSWER adoption"
"Although _____ was used to treat a variety of disorders in the past, it is now mostly used for treating severe depression, for which it appears to be more effective than placebo or
antidepressant medication. - CORRECT ANSWER electroconvulsive therapy"
"The catecholamine hypothesis of depression proposed that mood disorders resulted from _____
amount of norepinephrine in the brain. - CORRECT ANSWER a depleted"
"The _____ strives for perfection, criticizes, and imposes limitations on the individual. -
CORRECT ANSWER superego"
"Because its metabolism is blocked, phenylalanine builds up in the brain and prevents normal
brain development and causes _____. - CORRECT ANSWER phenylketonuria"
"Taking a mindfulness approach to notice intrusive thoughts and upsetting emotions could be
part of which therapeutic technique? - CORRECT ANSWER Acceptance and commitment
therapy" "Reinforcers that are established by their association with other reinforcers are referred to as
which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Conditioned reinforcers"
"What is the level of selection that refers to behaviors acquired through reinforcement or
punishment on a person to person basis? - CORRECT ANSWER Individual selection"
"What an organism learns is not just to behave the same way all the time but to behave in ways
based on certain circumstances. What concept is this demonstrating? - CORRECT ANSWER
Discriminative stimulus" "Both natural selection and operant conditioning conclude that behaviors that are reinforced will recur more often in the future and are based on their "survival" value. This comparison describes
what concept regarding learning? - CORRECT ANSWER Selection by consequences"
""Well-established treatments" are known to be _____ in addressing symptoms of mental
disorders, which gives confidence in their usefulness. - CORRECT ANSWER effective"
"What can we use to symbolize the three levels and structures of the mind? - CORRECT
ANSWER The iceberg metaphor"
"Which therapeutic approach has been combined with behavioral therapy because of the
relationship between thoughts and behaviors? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive"
"Stephen experiences a great deal of anger and feels rage at his partner. But instead of taking responsibility for his emotions, he instead faults his partner for being the one that is always being
angry and full of rage at him. What defense strategy is Stephen using? - CORRECT ANSWER
Projection" "A depressed person whose expresses feelings of hopelessness and helplessness may be reinforced because their friends and family comforting them at these times may be BEST helped
by what type of intervention to change how their behavior is bring reinforced? - CORRECT
ANSWER Reversal design"
"Each human somatic cell contains 23 pairs of _____? - CORRECT ANSWER chromosomes"
"Nerve impulses are collected from other _____ and passed along as a moving electrical charge. -
CORRECT ANSWER neurons"
"In what theory would the therapist-patient relationship be seen as a representation of what is
pathological in the patient's life and, therefore, needs changing? - CORRECT ANSWER
Object-relations theory" "According to psychoanalytic theory, acceptable urges, impulses, and conflict all represent what
type of process? - CORRECT ANSWER Unconscious motivation"
"The Freudian theory of the mind that accounts for more abstract and complex thoughts and
behaviors includes which primary components? - CORRECT ANSWER Id, ego, and superego"
"If a patient of a psychodynamic oriented therapist is expressing themselves without restriction
rather than purposely organizing their thoughts, what would they be doing? - CORRECT
ANSWER Free associating"
"A mother is teaching her child how to cross the street. She shows her how to stop at the edge of the sidewalk and look both ways two times before crossing. What method is the mom using to
teach her child this safety behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER Modeling"
"While some neo-Freudians and other psychodynamic therapists still follow many of the principles of psychoanalytic theory, what is the one area where there is the MOST disagreement?
- CORRECT ANSWER The unproven role that sexual conflict has in causes of all abnormal functioning" "Neurons do not interact with each other directly, but they meet at the _____ and release
neurotransmitters from one neuron to other neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER synapse"
"Which assessment has index scores that are normalized with a mean score of 100 and standard
deviation of 15? - CORRECT ANSWER Intelligence test"
"The _____ system for abnormal behavior was based in large part on another system in the area of
physical disease. - CORRECT ANSWER classification"
"Although there was much discussion regarding changes to one of the following revisions, no
edits were made. To which one of the following did that happen? - CORRECT ANSWER
Personality disorders were aligned with the five-factor model."
"What technique produces much clearer structural imagery than a CT scan, although one drawback is that the technique requires patients to remain motionless in a small, confined area
for long periods of time? - CORRECT ANSWER Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)"
"Which new classification system's main criticism was that the model was strongly influenced by
Freud and Meyer? - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders" "What is the name of the test that records electrical activity in the brain in terms of brain
frequencies? - CORRECT ANSWER Electroencephalogram"
"Which of the following is not a concern of the interview process? - CORRECT ANSWER
Cultural factors do not affect the interview process since the clinician would not have bias or misinterpret the information collected." "What type of diagnostic tool involves an interaction between the client and the clinician, who usually formulates an initial diagnostic impression, supplemented by information from the
patient's medical and social history? - CORRECT ANSWER The interview"
"Alcohol use disorder and schizophrenia both received a .40 and .46 kappa reliability score
respectively and a ____DSM-5 interpretation of reliability. - CORRECT ANSWER Good"
"All the pseudopatients in Rosenhan's (1973) study were admitted to the hospitals and in all but
one case were given the diagnosis of schizophrenia. What did this study highlight? - CORRECT
ANSWER The "sane" could not be differentiated from the "insane" under the current
diagnostic model." "Although projective testing once was the most common form of psychological assessment, it is now utilized less often than other personality tests. This is the case for all EXCEPT which of the
following reasons? - CORRECT ANSWER Categorization"
"The American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to work on the new DSM-5 and the
final version was approved and released in which of the following years? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2013"
"Why is using "boxes" to diagnose mental disorders limiting? - CORRECT ANSWER Mental
disorders exist not as distinct entities but rather along a continuum or dimension of symptoms and functioning."
"According to the DSM-IV, what Axis represents general medical conditions that are potentially
relevant to Axes I and II listings? - CORRECT ANSWER Axis III"
"In the evaluator process, a highly standardized assessment of over 500 questions that provide a
possibility of behavioral and diagnostic hypotheses is what type of assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)"
"According to the DSM-5, if a patient received a rating of mild or higher on a dimensional assessment that measured the extent of their condition, what level of assessment would they then
need to take? - CORRECT ANSWER Level 2 assessment"
"If you were answering questions from several categories with a "Yes," "No," or "Cannot Say" about your physical health, religious attitudes, moods, and beliefs, what type of inventory are you
MOST likely taking? - CORRECT ANSWER Personality inventory"
"Two clinicians agree that a person suffers from schizophrenia. Yet, the person's delusions are
actually the result of a manic episode. In this case, the two clinicians would not have _____. -
CORRECT ANSWER diagnostic validity"
"The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) that assesses the severity of a specific range of depressive
symptoms, such as sadness and hopelessness, is referred to as what type of assessment? -
CORRECT ANSWER Self-report"
"All of the conditions below are listed for further study in the DSM-5 EXCEPT which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER Internet media disorder"
"Two clinicians diagnose their client with bipolar disorder, but when they find out more information about the client's history, they realize the symptoms are caused by substance use.
This demonstrates that their original diagnosis was not _____. - CORRECT ANSWER valid"
"Andrew suffers from chronic pain from a sports injury, which has developed into a substance abuse disorder. As a result, he was fired from his job and his marriage is suffering. In terms of the axial coding of the previous DSM-IV-TR system, Andrew's chronic pain would be listed on which
axis? - CORRECT ANSWER Axis III"
"Jennifer is noticing that her therapist is observing her appearance and speech while asking her to repeat certain statements. What method is being used to assess Jennifer's level of functioning?
CORRECT ANSWER Mental status examination"
"If we are able to conclude something about what to expect in terms of outcome or course of the
disorder, we could say the diagnosis has _____. - CORRECT ANSWER predictive validity"
"Because the clinical interview cannot adequately answer all diagnostic questions, the clinician may choose to obtain additional information _____ in order to gather information about the
client's level of attention, concentration, and their use of gestures. - CORRECT ANSWER by
observation of the client" "The process that is focused on the stimuli that preceded the response rather than the stimuli
that followed the response is known as _____. - CORRECT ANSWER classical conditioning"
"_____is when a learned response reappears after being exposed infrequently to the stimulus
again. - CORRECT ANSWER Spontaneous recovery"
"Which of the following is an originally neutral stimulus that becomes capable of eliciting a
conditioned response after repeated pairings with an unconditioned response? - CORRECT
ANSWER Conditioned stimulus"
"Patients with hysteria could experience all EXCEPT which of the following symptoms? -
CORRECT ANSWER Atrophy"
"The _______ is the total set of inherited characteristics determined by a person's genetic makeup.
CORRECT ANSWER genotype"
"Since they share the same genetic information, _____ are always of the same sex. - CORRECT
ANSWER monozygotic twins"
"If we viewed psychology purely objectively as an experimental branch of natural science that can produce and apply consistent and measurable results, what approach would we MOST likely
be using? - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorism"
"According to the psychoanalytical theory of personality development, the individual progresses
through which of the following biological stages of development? - CORRECT ANSWER
Stages of psychosexual development" "The sexual conflict that is fueled by fantasy, castration anxiety, and penis envy is characteristic
of which type of conflict? - CORRECT ANSWER Oedipal conflict"
"What can we learn by utilizing family pedigree studies to collect information about family
members who have mental disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Heredity influences"
"A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person's
body. This form of "therapy" is called: - CORRECT ANSWER exorcism"
"Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: - CORRECT
ANSWER psychoanalysis"
"A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her behavior is better
understood. This study is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER case study"
"A researcher finds that individuals who report large numbers of "hassles" in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report fewer "hassles" generally report
lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of "hassles" and stress level is: -
CORRECT ANSWER positive"
"If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, the researcher can conclude
that: - CORRECT ANSWER as stree increases, health decreases"
"A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms
of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that: - CORRECT ANSWER life
stress and depression are related" "In a scientific experiment, the variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter is
called the: - CORRECT ANSWER dependent variable"
"A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. The psychologist deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers of food for one day and fed the other half normally, then administered the MMPI-2 to all the participants. What was the
independent variable? - CORRECT ANSWER level of food deprivation"
"In a study designed to test a new antidepressant, a large number of outpatient psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One of the groups was given the
drug as a pill. The other group was given identical-looking inert pills. All participants were tested in the morning. The level of depression of each subject was measured by three psychologists independently, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Which was the
independent variable in this study? - CORRECT ANSWER the drug"
"Students were given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two groups, depending on their scores. A researcher observed how many times students in each group got out of
their seats in 2 hours. The dependent variable is: - CORRECT ANSWER number of times
getting out of ones seat"
"The model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the: - CORRECT ANSWER
cognitive model" ""Abnormal behaviors—indeed, all behaviors—are acquired through learning." Which model
of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? - CORRECT ANSWER behavioral"
"The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the: -
CORRECT ANSWER humanistic existential model"
"According to psychoanalysis, which statement is true of psychological conflicts? - CORRECT
ANSWER they are tied to experiences early in life"
"Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? -
CORRECT ANSWER behavioral"
"What kind of training do clinical psychologists have? - CORRECT ANSWER PhD or PsyD in
clinical psychology"
"Medical doctors with advanced training in treating psychological disorders are referred to as -
CORRECT ANSWER psychiartrists"
"Dr. Reed has a PhD in clinical psychology and was trained in administering psychological tests. Dr. Davis has an MD with advanced training in treating psychological disorders and can prescribe
medications. From the given information, we can infer that - CORRECT ANSWER Dr. Reed is
a psychologist and Dr. Davis is a psychiatrist."
