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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 1-4 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED CORRECT
“5 criteria for psych disorders - CORRECT ANSWER 1- clinical significance of Impairment
2- Distress/Risk 3- Socially/Culturally Unacceptable Behavior 4- Underlying Disturbance 5- Not social Rebellion or Deviance"
"treatment plan - CORRECT ANSWER * outline for how treatment should take place (goals of
treatment) -immediate-shortterm-longterm goals"
"immediate goals - CORRECT ANSWER ensure symptoms are managed"
"short-term goals - CORRECT ANSWER alleviate symptoms by addressing problematic
behavior, thinking, or emotions"
"long-term goals - CORRECT ANSWER fundamental and deeply rooted alterations of the Cl;s
personality and relationships (cope, overcome, develop strategy)"
"psychiatric hospitals - CORRECT ANSWER * when CL is:
-at risk of harming self/others -incapable of self care"
"specialized inpatient treatment centers - CORRECT ANSWER * need intensive supervision,
not hospital care ex: rehab"
"NEO-PI - CORRECT ANSWER * measures personality along with 5 personality dimensions
- (O) Openness to experience
- (C) Conscientiousness
- (E) Extraversion
- (A) Agreeableness
- (N) Neuroticism"
"PAI - CORRECT ANSWER * "personality assessment inventory"
most frequently used (easiest) 11 clinical, 5 treatment, 4 validity, 2 interpersonal scales"
"SCL-90-R - CORRECT ANSWER * measures extent to which he/she experiences 90 physical
and psychological symptoms"
"neuropsychological assessment - CORRECT ANSWER * info about CL's brain functioning"
"trail making tests - CORRECT ANSWER evaluates frontal lobe functioning, focuses on
attention to visual stimuli, and number sequencing"
"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - CORRECT ANSWER CL match a card to one of a set of cars that
share various features"
"Boston Naming Test - CORRECT ANSWER (BNT)
assess language capacity"
"Paced Auditory Serial Test - CORRECT ANSWER (PASAT)
assessing CL's auditory info processing speed, flexibility, and calculation ability"
"WMS-IV - CORRECT ANSWER tests of working(short-term) and long-term memory for
visual and verbal stimuli"
"Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery - CORRECT ANSWER
(CANTAB)
computerized test that consists of 22 subtests and assesses"
"neuroimaging - CORRECT ANSWER * picture of the brain's structures or level of activity
and is useful for "looking" at the brain"
"EEG - CORRECT ANSWER measures electrical activity in the brain"
"CAT Scan - CORRECT ANSWER uses x-rays"
"MRI - CORRECT ANSWER uses radiowaves to form picture of the living brain based on
water content"
"fMRI - CORRECT ANSWER picture of the activity in the brain"
"PET Scan - CORRECT ANSWER radioactive glucose injection yields multicolored image"
"SPECT - CORRECT ANSWER variant of PET scan with more detail"
"free association - CORRECT ANSWER method used in psychoanalysis in which CL speaks
freely, saying whatever comes to mind"
"behavior perspective - CORRECT ANSWER assumed that abnormality is caused by faulty
learning experiences"
"classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER learning a connection between originally
neutral stimulus and a naturally evoking stimulus that produces an automatic reflexive reaction"
"An important FIRST step in studying a particular disorder is - CORRECT ANSWER
determining the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder."
"Why is a representative sample desirable? - CORRECT ANSWER The more representative a
sample is, the more generalizable the data."
"Why are correlational (observational) research designs often used in abnormal psychology? -
CORRECT ANSWER It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables
involved in abnormal psychology." "What type of research design begins with the identification of individuals who are likely to
develop a particular disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Prospective"
"What is the value of using an ABAB design? - CORRECT ANSWER The effects of a single form
of treatment are studied twice in the same subject."
"What is Galen credited with? - CORRECT ANSWER Recognizing that psychological disorders
could have both biological and psychological causes"
"What trend was observed during the Middle Ages in Europe? - CORRECT ANSWER
Supernatural explanations for mental disorders grew in popularity."
"Compared to the West, in the Chinese "Dark Ages," views of mental illness - CORRECT
ANSWER began at a more sophisticated level but regressed, like the West, to belief in the
supernatural forces, although not for as long or with as negative a reaction to patients."
"The fact that episodes of mass madness peaked at the time of the Black Death illustrates that -
CORRECT ANSWER phenomena that impact the society and its structure may also affect
mental health."
"Recent historical reviews of the literature indicate that the typical accused witch in the Middle
Ages in Europe was - CORRECT ANSWER an ill-tempered, impoverished woman."
"The early asylums - CORRECT ANSWER were primarily warehouses for the mentally ill."
""Bedlam" in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill in different countries that
CORRECT ANSWER exhibited their patients for profit."
"Philippe Pinel - CORRECT ANSWER believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be
treated as such - with kindness and caring."
"Who is considered the founder of American psychiatry? - CORRECT ANSWER Benjamin
Rush"
"The central principle of operant conditioning is that - CORRECT ANSWER the consequences
of behavior influence its likelihood of being repeated."
"The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for - CORRECT
ANSWER psychoanalysis."
"Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because - CORRECT ANSWER
such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible." "While having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson's disease. In other words, the presence of the
gene is a ________, but not a ________. - CORRECT ANSWER sufficient cause; necessary cause"
"Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life.
Childhood abuse would best be described as a - CORRECT ANSWER distal contributory
cause."
"Etiology is - CORRECT ANSWER the causal pattern of a disorder."
"According to Freud, a person who does not appropriately resolve each psychosexual stage would
be ___________ at that stage. - CORRECT ANSWER fixated"
"John Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized - CORRECT ANSWER the quality of parental
care in forming attachments."
"The MMPI is - CORRECT ANSWER a structured approach to personality assessment."
"The empirical keying approach to making a test like the MMPI involves - CORRECT
ANSWER picking items that differentiate between different groups, no subjective judgment is
needed."
"A key feature of the MMPI-2 is that - CORRECT ANSWER the clinical scales measure the
same properties of personality organization as they always have."
"A valid test - CORRECT ANSWER measures what it is designed to measure."
"Which approach to the classification of abnormal behavior uses statistical criteria to
differentiate between normal and abnormal? - CORRECT ANSWER Dimensional"
"If a diagnosis is made by comparing subjects to a "model" of an illness, which type of
classification scheme is being used? - CORRECT ANSWER Prototypical"
"Since it was first published, the DSM has - CORRECT ANSWER become more objective."
"Which axes are rarely used in most clinical settings? - CORRECT ANSWER Axes IV and V"
"One criticism of diagnostic labels is that - CORRECT ANSWER they can influence both other
people's and the diagnosed person's perception of themselves in negative ways."
"The DSM acknowledges that - CORRECT ANSWER a DSM diagnosis is only the first step,
much more is needed to determine treatment."
"While the DSM is designed to be a categorical classification scheme, - CORRECT ANSWER
the existing criteria tend to lead to a prototypal approach."
"Research by Exner and others has shown that the Rorschach - CORRECT ANSWER can be
scored by computer, thereby increasing its reliability."
"Which of the following is an assumption of a categorical approach to abnormal behavior? -
CORRECT ANSWER Each disorder has unique symptoms."
"Which of the following would best address recent criticisms of the TAT? - CORRECT
ANSWER Use more modern pictures"
"impairment - CORRECT ANSWER * reduction in a person's ability to function at an optimal
or even average level"
"distress/risk - CORRECT ANSWER * experience of emotional or physical pain/
CL engage in behaviors that present the risk of death, hospitalization, or incarceration (danger to self or others)"
"socially/culturally unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER * behavior outside of expected
norms in context"
"underlying disturbance - CORRECT ANSWER * has to be linked to something underlying"
"not social rebellion/deviance - CORRECT ANSWER * not normal rebellion/deviance"
"stigma - CORRECT ANSWER * label that causes certain people to be regarded as different,
defective, set apart from mainstream members of society"
"biopsychosocial approach - CORRECT ANSWER interaction of bio, psycho, and social factors
that play a role in a person's development"
"diathesis-stress model - CORRECT ANSWER * people are born with a diathesis
(predisposition) that places them at risk for developing a psychological disorder"
"comorbid - CORRECT ANSWER * having co-existing psychiatric conditions
ex- CL has ADHD and GAD"
"DSM - CORRECT ANSWER diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - book of
psychological disorders - DSM-IV"
"reliability - CORRECT ANSWER * degree to which clinicians provide diagnoses consistently
across individuals who have particular symptoms"
"validity - CORRECT ANSWER * extent to which a test measures what its supposed to
measure"
"axis - CORRECT ANSWER class of information about functioning"
"multiaxial system - CORRECT ANSWER 5 axises about an individual's
physical/psychological functioning"
"Axis I - CORRECT ANSWER * clinical disorders
"group therapy - CORRECT ANSWER * share problems, receive feedback, develop trust, and
improve interpersonal skills"
"millieu therapy - CORRECT ANSWER * the environment (millieu) is the major component
-created by professionals (less stressful than own environment)"
"evidence-based practice - CORRECT ANSWER clinical decision making that integrates the
best available research, evidence, and clinical expertise in context of cultural background, preferences, and characteristics of CLs"
"psychological testing - CORRECT ANSWER CL provides scorable information
- good test consists of validity, reliability, and standardization"
"psychometrics - CORRECT ANSWER "measurement of the mind""
"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER (SCID)
most widely used clinical interview"
"mental status examination - CORRECT ANSWER objectively assesses a clients
behavior/functioning with attention to symptoms associated with psychological disturbance"
"Intelligence tests - CORRECT ANSWER * Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and
Weschler Intelligence Test"
"deviation intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER (IQ)
- comparing scores with the mean score of that person's reference group -standard score of 100 and deviation of 15"
"Weschler Intelligence Scales - CORRECT ANSWER * divided into Verbal and Performance"
"self-report personality test - CORRECT ANSWER standardized questions with fixed
responses ex- MMPI, NEO-PI-R, PAI, SCL-90-R"
"projective personality test - CORRECT ANSWER presented with ambiguous item or task and
is asked to respond by providing his/her own meaning -project unconscious meanings ex- Rorschach Inkblot Test, TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)"
"MMPI - CORRECT ANSWER * scores 10 clinical and 3 validity scales
- validity scales - (L) Lie Scale, (K) Correction, (F) Frequency"
"polygenic - CORRECT ANSWER model of inheritance in which more than one gene
participates in determining a given characteristic"
"phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER genetic program in individual's physical and psychological
attributes"
"epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER science that attempts to identify the ways that the
environment influences genes to produce phenotypes"
"endophenotypes - CORRECT ANSWER Biobehavioral abnormalities that are linked to
genetic and neurobiological causes of mental illness."
"epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWER mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines
functions of body cells"
"DNA methylation - CORRECT ANSWER can turn off a gene as a chemical group, methyl
attaches itself to the gene ex- during pregnancy baby can be exposed to toxins"
"deep brain stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER (DBS)
a treatment for neurological disorders that involves the delivery of continuous, low-level electrical stimulation to particular brain structures through implanted electrodes"
"neuromodulation - CORRECT ANSWER neurosurgery in which permanently implanted
electrodes trigger responses in specific brain circuits as needed"
"electroconclusive therapy - CORRECT ANSWER (ECT)
A treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain."
"trait theory - CORRECT ANSWER abnormalities occur when individual has maladaptive
personality traits"
"personality trait - CORRECT ANSWER pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about
the environment and others"
"Five Factor Model - CORRECT ANSWER "Big Five"
"Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders?
CORRECT ANSWER When a label is used to describe an individual's behavior, information
about the person is lost." "According to the DSM-IV's definition of mental disorder, impairment in one or more areas of
functioning (disability) - CORRECT ANSWER may be present but is not a necessary
condition for making a diagnosis."
"What is a culture-specific disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER A disorder seen only in certain
cultures"
"Why is it important to know how many people have diagnosable mental illnesses? - CORRECT
ANSWER Such information is needed to plan for the provision of adequate services."
"What does it mean if a disorder is said to be highly prevalent? - CORRECT ANSWER It is
common." "Why is it believed that the NCS survey used to estimate the prevalence of mental illness
underestimated that prevalence? - CORRECT ANSWER Measures of several types of
disorders were not included."
"A major finding from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was that - CORRECT ANSWER
over half of the people with a history of one serious disorder had two or more comorbid disorders."
"The trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years means that - CORRECT ANSWER
people are hospitalized more briefly and then treated on an outpatient basis."
"Which of the following mental health professionals has a medical degree? - CORRECT
ANSWER The psychiatrist"
"Why is it important to have some understanding of what causes a psychological disorder? -
CORRECT ANSWER The selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by
assumptions about causality."
"Why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies? - CORRECT ANSWER
Conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed."
"Which of the following would most likely be explored with an experiment? - CORRECT
ANSWER The effectiveness of a new treatment for depression"
"What did Seligman find by studying dogs exposed to uncontrollable shock? - CORRECT
ANSWER Seligman found that uncontrollable shock led the dogs to behave much like
depressed humans." "A researcher who provides a certain treatment for one group and withholds treatment from a
completely comparable group is using the ________ research method. - CORRECT ANSWER
experimental"
"Which variable is manipulated in an experiment? - CORRECT ANSWER Independent"
"A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y. Which of the following may
be safely inferred? - CORRECT ANSWER as x increases, y increases"
"A psychologist wishes to test the hypothesis that the experience of chronic physical pain can cause clinical depression, but the Ethics Committee of his university won't allow him to conduct a study in which he inflicts pain on the subjects. What kind of research design might best allow the
psychologist to test this hypothesis while circumventing the committee's objection? - CORRECT
ANSWER Analogue"
"To determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, and not just of people
with mental disorders, it is important to use - CORRECT ANSWER a control group."
"What is trephining? - CORRECT ANSWER An ancient practice in which a hole was drilled in
the skull to release evil spirits."
"The belief in the four humors as a means of explaining temperament - CORRECT ANSWER
proposed that mental disorders were the result of an imbalance."
"One of Aristotle's most major contributions to psychology was - CORRECT ANSWER his
description of consciousness."
"Dorothea Dix - CORRECT ANSWER is credited with establishing numerous humane mental
hospitals in many countries."
"The moral management treatment - CORRECT ANSWER focused on the moral and spiritual
development of mental patients rather than their disorder."
"What is Clifford Beers known for? - CORRECT ANSWER He publicized the brutal treatment
that many mental patients received." "During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized
as - CORRECT ANSWER punitive."
"The four parenting styles described in the text differ along two dimensions, warmth and control. The style associated with the most positive developmental outcome is best described as ________ in
warmth and ________ in control. - CORRECT ANSWER high; moderately high"
"A major factor associated with a child's rejection by peers is - CORRECT ANSWER overly
aggressive behavior."
"Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that - CORRECT ANSWER responses to
stress vary cross-culturally." "A psychologist who takes an eclectic approach is most likely to make which of the following
statements? - CORRECT ANSWER "I will accept any explanation from psychoanalytic to
biological as long as it works."" "Which of the following explanations for the relationship between SES and abnormal behavior is supported by the existing data? a. Low SES may cause abnormal behavior. b. Abnormal behavior is more likely to go untreated in those of low SES c. Recovery from loss of a job may be more difficult for those exhibiting signs of mental illness.
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above"
"Which of the following statements regarding assessment is true? - CORRECT ANSWER An
adequate assessment should include as much information as possible." "One advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the CAT scan is that the MRI
CORRECT ANSWER provides better differentiation and clarity."
"Which of the following would be used to reveal a dysrhythmia in brain activity? - CORRECT
ANSWER EEG"
"The reliability of the assessment interview may be enhanced by the use of - CORRECT
ANSWER rating scales."
"Psychological tests - CORRECT ANSWER are dependent on the competence of the clinician
who interprets them."
"The use of standardized psychological tests - CORRECT ANSWER permits the clinician to
determine how a client's behavior compares to some reference group."
""Projective" and "objective" are two types of ________ tests. - CORRECT ANSWER personality"
