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Answers 2025
What is a microorganism? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Living cells found almost everywhere in the environment What is a pathogen? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Microorganism that causes disease ____________ forming bacteria are the most difficult to control and destroy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Spore What microorganism needs a host to make a protein and energy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Viruses What are standard Precautions? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A combination of universal precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of pathogens that involves BSI (Body Substance Isolation). All patients are considered infected. What are the three types of transmission based precautions, what do they entail, and what diseases do they protect against? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Airborne - tiny microorganisms from evaporated in droplets suspended in the air diseases include TB, measles, chickenpox
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Droplet - microorganisms are propelled through the air diseases include meningitis, pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, and rubella Contact - direct contact with a susceptible host and an infected person. diseases include respiratory, skin , and wound infections. Herpes simplex virus What is reverse isolation and who would be eligible to receive it? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Neutropenic (reverse isolation) precautions are to keep microorganisms from the outside environment away from a patient with a weakened immune system. Eligible patients include burns or bone marrow transplants. HIV, patients undergoing chemotherapy or incredibly ill patients. 'What is surgical asepsis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A sterile technique where no organisms are carried to the patient and microorganisms are destroyed from surfaces before they can enter the body What is the most frequent mode of disease transmission? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Direct Contact
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What are the NORMAL COURSE of infection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Incubation Period Prodromal Stage Full Stage of Illness Convalescent Stage I, PFC Infection What is a Nosocomial Infection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Infections that patients acquire while in the health care facility Getting sick in the hospital is not so comical What authority allows you to dispense direction? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Off line medical direction What should you do if the dose ordered for a patient by a provider is incorrect? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔You should recheck the dosage with the provider about the suitability of any medication.
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What is drug tolerance? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A progressive decrease in the effectiveness of a drug What are the six rights? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Right Patient Right Medication Right Dose Right Route Right Time Right Documentation What are the signs and symptoms of mild to moderate allergic reaction?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Involves a generalized body response: Pruritis - itching Hives or Urticaria Reddish skin - Erythema Swollen, watery, itchy eyes Increased heart rate
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What is the length for Intradermal (ID) Injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1/4" to 1/2" What is the purpose of Intradermal (ID) injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To test for exposure of diseases and allergies What are the injection sites for intradermal injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inner forearm, flat portion. Free of hair, tattoos, and scars At what angle should the need be inserted to deliver an Intradermal (ID) Injection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔15 - 20 degree angle What is the purpose of Subcutaneous (SQ) Injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Used for SLOW absorption and for small amounts of watery and nonirritating medications. What are the injection sites for a Subcutaneous (SQ) injection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Upper arm - Not to exceed 0.5ml -Vastus Lateralis - Not to exceed 2ml
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-Abdomen What are the need characteristics for a Subcutaneous (SQ) Injection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Length 1/2" to 1" Gauge (diameter) range 23 to 25 (*Very small because we are administering a watery medication) What is the angle of insertion for a Subcutaneous (SQ) Injection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔45 degree angle and about 1/2" from the skin surface What is the purpose of Intramuscular (IM) Injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rapid absorption rate (10 - 20 minutes) and long duration. Used to administer thick or viscous medications Used when a large volume of medication is needed for a stronger effect What are the sites for Intramuscular (IM) Injections? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Deltoid Muscle - 2ml -Gluteus Maximus - Upper outer quadrants 5 ml
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of oral antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Advantages: oldest method, safest, most convenient, most economical, easy to give Disadvantages: Vomiting as a result of GI irritation, requires a cooperative patient, slow absorption rate What are the effects of NSAID toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Gastric irritation -Lack of appetite -Prolonged clotting time What are histamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A substance for gastric secretion and causes capillary, constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and decreases blood pressure ex: Leukotrines What are antihistamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A drug that combats histamines during an allergic reaction by blocking histamine attachment onto tissue
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What are some examples of antihistamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fexofenadine (Allegra) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Loratadine (Claritin) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) What is rhinorrhea? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Discharge from the nose What is diphenhydramine? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Benadryl and antihistamine What are analgesics? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔They're painkillers What are some side effects to using antihistamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Mouth dryness -Sleepiness -Urine retention in men -Fast heart rate
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Fentanyl (Actiq) Narcotic "Lollipop" What are the indications and contraindications for OTFC?? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Indications: Used for moderate to severe pain in casualties who are alert or conscious -For patients with morphine allergies Contraindications: Allergy to medication, a casualty who has already been given morphine What is the dosage and route OTFC? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 800 micrograms transbuccally What are the indications and contraindications for acetaminophen? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Indications: Used for mild/ moderate pain in pts consious and lucid Contraindications: if patient is not consious or lucid. can cause liver damage if given at higher doses
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What are the therapeutic effect and side effects of Naloxene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Naloxene (Narcan) reverses opioid depression Naloxene has no contraindications and has minimal side effects, such as withdrawal symptoms, nausea or vomiting What is Ketamine? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A very potent analgesic used as a general anasthetic for moderate to severe pain. aka horse tranquilizer At higher doses (>50 mg) it dissociates conscious thoughts from sensory input (including pain) What is venipuncture? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The transcutaneous puncture of a vein to withdraw a specimen of blood, start an IV, or administer medication. What are the veins located near the antecubital space that are best for vein selection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Median cubital vein Cephalic Vein Basilic Vein
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containing pt.'s name, organization, social sec. num., prefix code, ward or clinic, facility, and date. Give the reasons why a blood specimen would be collected. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-To assess the blood's normal cells -Determine the presence of abnormalities the number and characteristics of wbc's What veins should be avoided when collecting a blood specimen? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Small or fragile veins. Their walls can collapse What is the Sclera? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Tough layer that protects the inner structure of the eye and maintains its shape "White of the eye" What is Conjunctiva? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mucus membrane that lines the eyelid
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What is the retina? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The inner layer that contains the rods and cones This allows us to see images. What is the Cornea? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Covers the pupil and iris tough, transparent and colorless What is the Lens? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Circular structure, filled with jelly-like substance Adjusts focus for both near and far What is the Iris? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Colored part of the eye Controls the amount of light entering the eye
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What is aniscoria? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unequal size of pupils from congenital. A red tympanic membrane indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An infectious process 50% of earaches in adults are due to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dental problems What is epistaxis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A nosebleed What are some causes for chronic nose bleeds? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Nose picking, nasal infection, vigorous nose blowing, or could be an early sign of a more significant illness such as hypertension What are some Red Flags for sinus complaints? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A fever of 101 or greater How do you treat a patient experiencing epistaxis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Have the patient sit up and lean forward, tip the head downward and pinch the entire nose firmly for 10-15 minutes.
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What are the s/s of an upper respiratory infection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sore throat, cough, sputum, low grade fever, nasal congestion, sinus pressure, appearance of slightly reddened pharynx, with lungs clear to auscultation. What is the treatment for strep throat? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Requires antibiotic treatment (Penicillin) What is trismus? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Difficulty opening the mouth What are the s/s of a peritonsilar abscess and what is the treatment for a PTA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ear pain on the same side of abcess Sever sore throat is isolated to one side Spasms in muscles of jaw or trismus Fever may be present Treatment - commonly require URGENT SURGICAL drainage and antibiotic therapy
